https://religions.wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Jack&feedformat=atomReligions Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T15:50:11ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.6https://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Masturbation&diff=33260Masturbation2015-07-12T20:24:45Z<p>Jack: /* Judaism */</p>
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<div>{{Wikipedia|Religious views on masturbation}}<br />
'''Masturbation''' is self sexual stimulation. It is condemned by most organised religions and sometimes referred to as "abnormal" or "disordered" <ref name="catechism"/>. However, masturbation is ''widely'' practiced by believers (and atheists) despite prohibitions. <ref name="hee">Kong Hee, [http://konghee.blogspot.co.uk/2009/06/whats-up-with-masturbation.html What’s Up With Masturbation?], June 18, 2009</ref> <ref>[http://www.sexualityandu.ca/sexual-health/what_is_masturbation/statistics]</ref><br />
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{{quote|In his 2005 book, The Sexual Man, Dr. Archibald Hart reveals that 61% of married Christian men masturbate. <ref name="hee"/>}}<br />
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== Christianity ==<br />
Masturbation is viewed negatively in [[Christianity]] but different denominations vary in their interpretation and justifications. Some of the more moderate and [[fundamentalist]] Christians tend to see it as a form of [[fornication]], and therefore [[sin]]ful. Some also see it as a spiritual vice. <ref>http://tbm.org/masturbation.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.newjerusalem.com/bepure.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.gotquestions.org/masturbation-sin.html</ref><ref>http://carm.org/masturbation</ref><ref>http://www.ecclesia.org/truth/masturbation.html</ref> Masturbation is one of the aspects of [[Christian attitudes to sexuality|Christianity's generally negative view of sexuality]].<br />
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To support their view, apologists commonly refer to the verse:<br />
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{{quote-source|But Onan knew that the child would not be his; so whenever he slept with his brother’s wife, he spilled his semen on the ground to keep from providing offspring for his brother.|{{bible|Genesis 38:9}}}}<br />
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This has questionable relevance because the act in the biblical story is actually coitus interruptus. Masturbation is usually accompanied with "lustful" thoughts. This is equated to [[adultery]] by [[Jesus]]:<br />
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{{quote-source|But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.|{{Bible|Matthew 5:28}}}}<br />
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An austere argument against masturbation is:<br />
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{{quote|Life is harder without Masturbation, so it glorifies God more. <ref>[http://www.christianforums.com/t7707896/]</ref>}}<br />
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===Thomas Aquinas: masturbation is worse than rape===<br />
[[Image:Thomas Aquinas.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Alter piece depicting Thomas Aquinas]]<br />
According to [[Thomas Aquinas]], masturbation is worse than [[rape]], [[sacrilege]], [[incest]], uncleanness or "effeminacy". <ref>[http://www.rationalskepticism.org/christianity/aquinas-masturbation-is-worse-than-rape-t41993.html]</ref><br />
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{{quote|sins contrary to nature, whereby the very order of nature is violated, an injury is done to God, the Author of nature.}}<br />
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=== Mormonism ===<br />
Many [[Mormonism|Latter-Day Saints]] followers refer to masturbation as "self-abuse".<ref>https://www.lds.org/liahona/2014/03/the-lords-standard-of-morality</ref> Some advice for avoidance of masturbation, attributed to [[Mark E. Petersen]] of the LDS leadership until his death in 1984, includes avoiding handling "intimate" parts of the body, dressing "securely" and do not look at yourself in the mirror while naked. <ref>[http://atheism.about.com/b/2004/08/28/mormon-tactics-against-masturbation.htm]</ref><br />
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=== Adventism ===<br />
Ellen G. White opposed overly-stimulating foods, sex, and masturbation, which she referred to as "solitary vices".<ref>http://egwtext.whiteestate.org/publication.php?pubtype=Book&bookCode=SOAP&lang=en&pagenumber=10</ref> <ref>http://egwtext.whiteestate.org/publication.php?pubtype=Book&bookCode=SOAP&lang=en&pagenumber=15</ref> She said that masturbation prevents people from entering [[heaven]].<br />
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===Catholicism===<br />
[[Catholicism]] strongly disapproves of masturbation.<br />
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{{quote-source|Both the Magisterium of the Church, in the course of a constant tradition, and the moral sense of the faithful have been in no doubt and have firmly maintained that masturbation is an intrinsically and gravely disordered action|Catechism of the Catholic Church <ref name="catechism">[http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm Catechism of the Catholic Church]</ref>}}<br />
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== Islam ==<br />
Although the [[Quran]] doesn't refer to masturbation, [[Islam|Islamic]] scholars have interpreted this verse as to be condemning the act.<br />
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{{quote-source|And those who guard their chastity, Except from their wives for then, they are free from blame; But whoever seeks beyond that, then those are transgressors.|Al-Muminun 23:5-7}}<br />
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A Turkish [[televangelist]] preacher claimed masturbation leads to hand babies in [[afterlife]]. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1FGEyLqujU]</ref><br />
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== Taoism ==<br />
Some [[Taoism|Taoists]] believe that masturbation can lower the amount of energy (qi) in men.<br />
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== Hinduism ==<br />
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In [[Hinduism]], masturbation is not condemned. An example can be taken from the book, "Kama Sutra":<br />
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{{quote|Churn your instrument with a lion's pounce: sit with legs stretched out at right angles to one another, propping yourself up with two hands planted on the ground between in them, and it between your arms.}}<br />
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== Judaism ==<br />
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As with Christianity, male masturbation is forbidden based on {{Bible|Genesis 38:8-10}}. <ref>[http://www.jewfaq.org/sex.htm]</ref> A closer examination of these verses shows that they are actually condemning contraception, and not masturbation. The situation on female masturbation is unclear.<br />
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===Orthodox===<br />
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[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/10/israeli-film-breaks-ultra-orthodox-taboo-masturbation Israeli film breaks ultra-Orthodox taboo on masturbation]<br />
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== Counter arguments ==<br />
===Benefits and minimal harm===<br />
There can be several personal benefits to masturbation, such as a raise in self-esteem, improved sleep, strengthened muscles in the pelvic and anal parts of the body and reduced stress. <ref>http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/sex-101/masturbation-23901.htm</ref><br />
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Within certain limits, masturbation doesn't harm anyone. It also has minimal chance of spreading sexually transmitted diseases.<br />
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===God would not care===<br />
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It is absurd to think that an infinite being would be concerned with trivial matters such as masturbation.<br />
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===Not mentioned in the Bible or Qur'an===<br />
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Masturbation is not forbidden in the [[Bible]] or [[Qur'an]]. Many trivial rules are in holy books but some how they didn't bother prohibiting masturbation. Later interpreters have attempted to impose their own agenda.<br />
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===Not unnatural===<br />
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Many other animal species masturbate, so it is hard to argue it is unnatural.<br />
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== References ==<br />
<references/><br />
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==See also==<br />
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* [[Pornography]]<br />
* [[Adultery]]<br />
* [[Fornication]]<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
*[http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/sex-101/masturbation-23901.htm Planned Parenthood Facts on Masturbation (male and female)]<br />
*[http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/masturbation-guide ''Masturbation'' on WebMD]<br />
*[http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodsex/Pages/masturbation.aspx NHS Choices]<br />
*[http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Masturbation ''Masturbation'' on RationalWiki]<br />
*[http://liberapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Masturbation ''Masturbation'' on Liberapedia]<br />
*[http://kidshealth.org/teen/expert/guy_stuff/normal.html Teens Health on ''Masturbation'']<br />
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{{Religion and society}}<br />
[[Category:Society]]<br />
[[Category:Sexuality]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Miracles_in_history&diff=33259Miracles in history2015-07-12T20:12:19Z<p>Jack: </p>
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<div>{{stub}}<br />
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In secular historical sources, [[Miracle]]s occur throughout history and in many religions.<br />
<br />
==Notable examples==<br />
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*Roman emperor Vespasian cured a blind man and a lame man in AD 70. The event is recorded by Tacitus <ref name="vespasian">The Complete Works of Tacitus, tr. Church and Brodribb, 1942, Part 4, para. 81.</ref> and Suetonius.<br />
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*Jean François Paul de Gondi's account in his Mémoires of the door keeper of Saragossa Cathedral having regained a leg. <ref>Jean François Paul de Gondi, Mémoires [Memoirs], in Œuvres, ed. Marie-Therese Hipp and Michel Pernot (Paris: Gallimard, 1984). EHU Sect. 10.26.</ref> <br />
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*Many miracles witnessed by the tomb of François de Pâris around 1731. This lead to the sect of the Convulsionnaires of Saint-Médard.<br />
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*In Racine's history of the convent of Port-Royal, he records that the niece of the famous Pascal was healed of an fistula of the eye when touched by a sacred relic. <ref>Mary Shelly, Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men of France</ref><br />
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==Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Whether events like these above are real or not, they do not mean there is something supernatural or a god. See the article [[Miracles]] for more information and explanations.<br />
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==References==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
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==See also==<br />
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*[[Argument from miracle testimony]]<br />
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==External links==<br />
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*[http://listverse.com/2008/07/14/top-10-astonishing-miracles/ Jamie Frater, ''Top 10 Astonishing Miracles'', July 14, 2008]<br />
*[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/bede-cuthbert.asp Life and Miracles of St. Cuthbert]<br />
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convulsionnaires_of_Saint-M%C3%A9dard Convulsionnaires of Saint-Médard], wikipedia<br />
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[[Category:Religion]]<br />
[[Category:Metaphysics]]<br />
[[Category:Paranormal]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy]]<br />
[[Category:Superstition]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Miracles_in_history&diff=33258Miracles in history2015-07-12T20:11:34Z<p>Jack: </p>
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<div>{{stub}}<br />
<br />
In secular historical sources, [[Miracle]]s occur throughout history and in many religions.<br />
<br />
==Notable examples==<br />
<br />
*Roman emperor Vespasian cured a blind man and a lame man in AD 70. The event is recorded by Tacitus <ref name="vespasian">The Complete Works of Tacitus, tr. Church and Brodribb, 1942, Part 4, para. 81.</ref> and Suetonius.<br />
<br />
*Jean François Paul de Gondi's account in his Mémoires of the door keeper of Saragossa Cathedral having regained a leg. <ref>Jean François Paul de Gondi, Mémoires [Memoirs], in Œuvres, ed. Marie-Therese Hipp and Michel Pernot (Paris: Gallimard, 1984). EHU Sect. 10.26.</ref> <br />
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*Many miracles witnessed by the tomb of François de Pâris around 1731. This lead to the sect of the Convulsionnaires of Saint-Médard.<br />
<br />
*In Racine's history of the convent of Port-Royal, he records that the niece of the famous Pascal was healed of an fistula of the eye when touched by a sacred relic. <ref>Mary Shelly, Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men of France</ref><br />
<br />
==Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Whether events like these above are real or not, they do not mean there is something supernatural or a god. See the article [[Miracles]] for more information and eplanations.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
*[[Argument from miracle testimony]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://listverse.com/2008/07/14/top-10-astonishing-miracles/ Jamie Frater, ''Top 10 Astonishing Miracles'', July 14, 2008]<br />
*[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/bede-cuthbert.asp Life and Miracles of St. Cuthbert]<br />
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convulsionnaires_of_Saint-M%C3%A9dard Convulsionnaires of Saint-Médard], wikipedia<br />
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[[Category:Religion]]<br />
[[Category:Metaphysics]]<br />
[[Category:Paranormal]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy]]<br />
[[Category:Superstition]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=User:Jack&diff=33257User:Jack2015-07-12T20:06:11Z<p>Jack: </p>
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<div>I do not want to give any personal details. All I can tell you is that I became an Atheist recently. I hope that the worst and most dangerous religions will die off soon. If you want spirituality, you may meditate, travel, walking at a park, hiking the woods, gaze at the stars, etc. I came to this wiki to create articles and extend stubs. It is quite sad that there are not many users on this wiki, and I don't want the wiki to "die". It seems that many skeptics prefer the more active and popular [[RationalWiki]] over IronChariots.org. I might share more stuff, and have a nice day.</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=User_talk:TimSC&diff=33256User talk:TimSC2015-07-12T20:02:44Z<p>Jack: /* RationalWiki article and template */ new section</p>
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<div>'''Welcome to ''Iron Chariots Wiki''!'''<br />
We hope you will contribute much and well.<br />
You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].<br />
Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 15:44, 14 February 2014 (CST)<br />
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Hi Tim, I tried to reply to your email asking for permission to update the front page, but it bounced. I say go ahead.<br />
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Also, would you be interested in helping to approve new members? I notice you've been pretty active lately and I could use some help. --[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 10:01, 8 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
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:I am not sure how long I can keep up my edit rate but I keep finding stuff to do. :) Not sure why my email address is bouncing emails - I'll look into it. I am willing and able to help with new user registration. Did you get me email from a while back that thumbnails are not being generated on the wiki? (the gremlins might have eaten that too) --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 10:08, 8 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
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==Mental note to self: How many times was John beheaded?==<br />
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I was confused by this: <br />
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''Mark 6:14 And king Herod heard of him; (for his name was spread abroad:) and he said, That John the Baptist was risen from the dead, and therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him.''<br />
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''Mark 6:16 But when Herod heard thereof, he said, It is John, whom I beheaded: he is risen from the dead.''<br />
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''Mark 6:25 And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist.''<br />
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''Mark 6:27 And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison,''<br />
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How many times was John beheaded? Apparently Mark 6:17 onwards is a flashback: [http://bibleq.net/answer/2660/]<br />
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== New pages ==<br />
<br />
Tim,<br />
<br />
I tried to email you at both the addresses I have for you, but they both bounced. I hope you see this. Let me toss off a few words about what's on my mind right now regarding your new edits.<br />
<br />
I'm worried because any time we have one person doing the bulk of the new editing on the wiki, there's not much other oversight about whether the content is really suitable or not. Generally speaking I try to be extremely conservative with creating new articles. In the last few weeks I noticed you were creating many dozens of new articles with new categories, and I'm not sure if they are necessary articles or bloat.<br />
<br />
I hate to throttle you on this since I'm not actively visiting Iron Chariots on a regular basis, but Matt and I envisioned this as a repository dealing with common apologetics arguments. To pick a random example among the many articles created recently: [[Not all events necessarily have causes]]<br />
<br />
"Not all events necessarily have causes" is not a term people will be searching for. It is not the name of a common theistic or atheistic argument that stands alone, nor is it a formal fallacy. At best it seems like it would work as a subsection of the "first cause argument" page, which DOES reference a common argument with a name. But even then, the article I'm reading seems to be a lengthy conversational piece about the topic, not a succinct set of responses to frequently used apologetics.<br />
<br />
Iron Chariots is not a blog or a magazine. It's a reference resource. You see what I mean?<br />
<br />
--[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 13:02, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
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:Sorry about the email weirdness. Wiki discussion is fine. Most of my page creations are either apologetics arguments or renaming of existing pages. I don't remember creating many categories... 2 or 3 about two or three, certainly not dozens. I'd say about 10 or 12 have been created about philosophical concepts or books, which are separate from any specific argument.<br />
<br />
:The title "Not all events necessarily have causes" was my attempt at being user friendly. Perhaps philosophical terminology of concepts would be better, in this case it would be "brute contingencies" or "contingent brute facts". <br />
<br />
:I agree that apologetic arguments and counter-arguments have primacy. However, this concept occurs in all(?) variants of the cosmological argument and is probably ''the'' biggest counter argument. I think there are about 4 cosmological argument pages on the wiki. I wanted to put additional detail somewhere on the wiki but I think putting it within each of the arguments pages would have bloated them with significant duplication of content. Similarly, if we put a full in depth discussion for and against "infinite regress" on every page separately, it will be horribly duplicated since it is such a common concept.<br />
<br />
:I guess we should ask ourselves, how much detail is necessary for the concepts we discuss? Should the detail of concepts go on the main article page or on supporting pages? Perhaps "Not all events necessarily have causes" should be merged into "principle of sufficient reason"? Should all the cosmological arguments be merged? Perhaps work needs to focus on the common arguments and when that is done, review. It seems to me a discussion of key concepts such as infinite regress & principle of sufficient reason is more important than rehashing logical fallacies where are already well documented elsewhere. A push in the right direction would be appreciated! --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 13:45, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
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::Sorry, it looks like Kyle Youmans is the one creating all the categories, not you. I'm trying to bring in a few more people on this discussion so we can brainstorm about managing a consistent content style. --[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 13:57, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
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:: If I might weigh in: it seems to me that readers will most likely read the page they came for, but probably won't look at related pages unless there's a good reason to do so (such as a "Main article at..." link). So as a rule of thumb, it's best to keep information on existing pages, rather than create new ones. It's also easier to split a section off into its own article, than it is to combine multiple articles into one. --[[User:Arensb|Arensb]] 15:18, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
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::: I think I understand but unsure if I am correctly interpreting your point. I think you are suggesting that new content should generally be added to each argument page. You mention that articles may need to be split into separate articles, but I am not sure what circumstances this would occur - presumably when it gets too long? If so, I agree. The main argument article should be comprehensive but perhaps some of the more obscure details can be put it related pages that are linked, preferably using the "main article" template. I think the [http://wiki.ironchariots.org/index.php?title=Cosmological_argument&oldid=26515 cosmological argument] is good in this regard. What do you think? <br />
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:::I suggest we move the discussion to [[Project talk:Layout and styleguide]]. Watching that page might be a good idea too. --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 04:00, 28 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
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== Rbutr ==<br />
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Have you heard of a program called [[Rbutr]]? It was created to counter false information on the internet so I think that it would be a great tool to use to show people the arguments presented on this wiki. [[User:Kyle Youmans|Kyle Youmans]] 18:30, 6 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
:I had not heard of it previously. It's an interesting concept and it might be a useful research tool. I am glad they use [http://blog.rbutr.com/2013/12/why-does-rbutr-need-to-access-all-my-data-on-all-websites/ hashes] to see where I browse rather than totally violating privacy. --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 12:34, 8 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
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== Ironchariots Awareness ==<br />
<br />
How can I get more people to find this website?<br />
[[User:Kyle Youmans|Kyle Youmans]] 19:17, 29 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:That is a complicated question! I am not sure I have much insight here. :) The two main areas might be what we can do directly to the wiki and also what resources are available outside the wiki. Improving the wiki to make it more useful and findable on search engines is the easier one. We probably could do with improving the [[:Special:PopularPages|popular pages]], improving navigation, content and images. We might do better in adding articles that are really of interest to people who are grappling with these issues and underpin the classic arguments (e.g. [[What would it take to change your mind?]]) and avoid duplicating excelling content of other websites. People's mights are chanced by highlighting and questioning their assumptions.<br />
<br />
:What we can do outside the wiki: encourage links to the wiki (by making the wiki useful and persuasion). There is the similar wiki [[RationalWiki]] which is broader in coverage and seem popular but they have page counts turned off. If we have in depth content, we might get a link to the article. Some generic tips: [http://www.wikihow.com/Increase-Website-Traffic]. Perhaps we could get a selection in publishable ebook/paper format? Any thoughts yourself? --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 12:51, 30 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Criticism required (demanded!) ==<br />
Hi Tim,<br />
<br />
I don't see any other active members on the Wiki and wondered if you could help me improve on [[Sikhism|the page]] I'm working on? Sometimes I am blind to mistakes I make and I don't always have the sense of putting things in the right order. I need someone to criticise or find flaws on the page or arguments/rebuttals made.<br />
<br />
~Dally <small>—The preceding [[Project:Sign your comments|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Dally|Dally]] ([[User talk:Dally|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dally|contribs]]){{if|test=20:30, 7 February 2015|then=, 20:30, 7 February 2015|else=.}}</small><br />
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:Will do! I'll make changes and use the talk page for the [[Sikhism]] article.--[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 04:42, 8 February 2015 (CST)<br />
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== I have a question for you ==<br />
<br />
Hi, how many people are editing or active on this wiki? {{unsigned|Jack|16:40, 11 July 2015}}<br />
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:It's pretty quiet I suppose. It's mainly me and [[:User:Imadmagician|Imadmagician]]. There are 4 or 5 occasional people. The founders do not get hands on these days. Probably should do more recruiting... --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 16:44, 11 July 2015 (CDT)<br />
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== RationalWiki article and template ==<br />
<br />
Hey, what do you think about the rationalwiki article and template so far? I used my rationalwiki teplate in the Jesus article</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Talk:RationalWiki&diff=33255Talk:RationalWiki2015-07-12T20:00:02Z<p>Jack: Created page with "Hi, I just started an article about RationalWiki. I also created a template for the wiki. I first used it for the Jesus Christ article."</p>
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<div>Hi, I just started an article about RationalWiki. I also created a template for the wiki. I first used it for the Jesus Christ article.</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=User_talk:Jack&diff=33254User talk:Jack2015-07-12T19:58:09Z<p>Jack: /* RationalWiki article and template */ new section</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Welcome to ''Iron Chariots Wiki''!'''<br />
We hope you will contribute much and well.<br />
You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].<br />
Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 08:40, 10 July 2015 (CDT)<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
Thanks Jack for your recent work on [[Eastern Catholic Churches|this article]]. I suggest that you focus on their distinctive beliefs, how their denomination grew out of other churches, and social issues surrounding the church. The best thing is to try to identify apologetics in this denomination that has been overlooked. Lists and trivia are not particularly informative in the context of this wiki - I doubt we can possibly complete articles for all those churches. Let me know if you have any questions! --Tim Sheerman-Chase 04:22, 11 July 2015 (CDT)<br />
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==New articles==<br />
<br />
You might want to check [[:User:Kazim|Kazim]]'s [[:User_talk:Tim_Sheerman-Chase#New pages|views in this discussion]] on creating new articles and what is relevant to this wiki. He is one of the founders and gets to direct the scope. --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 17:39, 11 July 2015 (CDT)<br />
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Actually [[:Iron_Chariots_Wiki:Article_relevance_guidelines|Article relevance guidelines]] are probably more to the point. --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 17:52, 11 July 2015 (CDT)<br />
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== RationalWiki article and template ==<br />
<br />
I just started an article about RationalWiki. I also created a template for the wiki so if you want to link articles to RationalWiki, you can use the template I created. I first used the template for the article about Jesus Christ.</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=RationalWiki&diff=33253RationalWiki2015-07-12T19:55:06Z<p>Jack: </p>
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<div>RationalWiki is a skeptical wiki known for attacking and examining topics skeptics usually examine including [[religion]], [[pseudoscience]], [[creationism]], [[paranormal]]/[[supernatural]], conspiracy theories, etc.<br />
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==History==<br />
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==Criticism and Response==<br />
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==External Links==<br />
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<div>{{wikipedia}}<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/JesusHChrist.html|What was Jesus H. Christ's real name?}}<br />
{{RationalWiki|http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ|Jesus}}<br />
[[Image:CompositeJesus.JPG|thumb|right|200px|There is little agreement as to what Jesus looked like.]]<br />
'''Jesus Christ''' (6–4 BCE to 30–33 CE) was a religious teacher and [[Judaism|Jewish]] reformer. There are [[The Bible is not a reliable historical source|no primary sources]] that record his biographic information or teachings. His life and death is recorded in the [[Gospel]]s, written several decades after his death. His influence gave rise to [[Christianity]].<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|For God so loved the World that he gave his only begotten son, so that whosoever believe in him will have everlasting life|{{bible|John 3:16}}}}<br />
<br />
According to the [[Bible]], Jesus performed [[miracle]]s, such as walking on water, curing the blind, and [[resurrection|raising the dead]]. He also commands great respect with his disciples. The [[Bible]] also records he was crucified by the Romans and was [[Resurrection|resurrected]] on the third day after. According to [[Christian]] doctrine, Jesus is both "Only [[begotten]] Son of [[God]]" and an incarnation of [[God]], who came to [[Jesus died for your sins|die for the sins of man]], so that all people may have everlasting life in [[heaven]]. The Bible states that Jesus was a craftsman or carpenter. {{Bible|Mark 6:3}}<br />
<br />
==Historical Jesus==<br />
{{main article|Existence of Jesus}}<br />
Today, there exists little in the way of historical documentation for Jesus' life beyond the Biblical [[Gospel]], and it is likely that these accounts were not written by eyewitnesses. This lack of evidence makes it very difficult to discern actual historical facts behind the Christian stories that describe him. This, however, has not stopped scholars from defending the existence of a historical Jesus, as well as specific views of who Jesus was.<br />
<br />
Some [[atheist]]s consider discussion of a historical Jesus to be a [[red herring]] and argue that, while a person named Jesus may or may not have existed, there is clearly no reason to believe that he had special powers, was the son of God, or performed miracles. Even if it could be firmly established that Jesus, the man, existed, this would not be evidence for the extraordinary claims that make up the foundation of the Christian religion.<br />
<br />
===Mythic Jesus===<br />
<br />
A few well-publicized writers have argued that Jesus probably never existed. Although, these scholars are in a minority amid Biblical scholarship circles. Examples include G. A. Wells and Earl Doherty. A major argument against the historicity of Jesus is that Paul's letters seem to show no awareness of such an individual (see {{Bible|Hebrews 8:4}}). This is disputed by other scholars, however, who argue that Paul's letters contain clear references to a historical Jesus.<br />
<br />
==Actions==<br />
===Miracles===<br />
{{main article|Argument from scriptural miracles}}<br />
There is almost no evidence for the [[miracle]]s of Jesus outside the hearsay reports of the Gospels. For this reason, there is no basis for accepting that he worked actual miracles. On the other hand, [[faith healing|faith healings]] and exorcisms happen today, though investigations show there is no reason to regard them as actual supernatural events. This suggests a possibility that Jesus was a fraudulent or self-deceived wonder worker and there were witnesses who really believed they had seen him work miracles.<br />
<br />
Unlike Jesus' other miracles, Paul mentions post-[[resurrection]] appearances of Jesus in I Corinthians. Unlike the Gospels, I Corinthians probably was written by its traditionally assigned author. However, the reference provides no better evidence for the resurrection than the evidence for angelical authentication of the Book of the Mormon. It is also not the sort of evidence that many psychical researchers would demand for the existence of ghosts or telepathy.<br />
<br />
===Jesus died for our sins===<br />
{{main article|Jesus died for your sins}}<br />
<br />
[[Christianity|Christians]] believe that Jesus died for our sins as a form of replacement sacrifice {{Bible|Romans 4:25}}. [[Sin]] is said to carry a penalty or punishment. Jesus took on that punishment for the sins of mankind on himself. Exactly how a replacement sacrifice is in any way just is difficult to explain.<br />
<br />
Why did Jesus wait so long to arrive? If Jesus truly is the only path to salvation, then people lived and died for thousands of years with no chance to escape hell.<br />
<br />
===Resurrection and possible claim of divinity===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/firstborn.html|Who was God's firstborn son?}}<br />
{{main article|Christological argument}}<br />
Perhaps the most fundamental belief of Christianity is the [[resurrection]] of Jesus. There are no reliable testimony of the resurrection.<br />
<br />
Jesus claimed to be [[King of the Jews]] {{Bible|Mark 15:2}}, [[Son of Man]] {{Bible|Mark 14:62}} and [[son of God]] {{Bible|John 10:36}}. However, Jesus not explicitly claim to ''be'' God or divine in the [[New Testament]]. Arguably, the clearest claim was {{Bible|John 8:58}} saying "Before [[Abraham]] was, I am". Even this could be interpreted as Jesus "merely" claiming to be superior to Abraham and his words only have a passing resemblance to "I am what I am" {{Bible|Exodus 3:14}} which would imply divinity. <ref>[http://defendingjehovahswitnesses.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/john-858-did-jesus-really-say-i-am.html]</ref> Apologists claim that Jesus often implied that he was God, particularly by allowing believers to worship him and his forgiveness of sins. <ref>[http://www.gotquestions.org/is-Jesus-God.html]</ref> However, the outrage caused by Jesus may have been simply due to his claim that he was Son of God rather than actually being God. At the trial at [[Caiaphas]]'s house, Jesus was accused of claiming to be "son of God" not "God". The sign put on the cross was "King of the Jews" not "God" {{Bible|John 19:19}}. The lack of an explicit claim of Godhood by Jesus and the lack of accusations of this specific claim by his critics in most or all [[gospel]]s is a rather striking omission. It is more than likely the concept of the [[divinity of Jesus]] was added by later interpreters and authors. This manipulation of the New Testament occurred progressively and begin in the 1st century <ref>Peter Cresswell, ''The Invention of Jesus: How the Church Rewrote the New Testament'', 2013</ref>. <br />
<br />
Even the [[epistles]] do not clearly address the issue but certainly begin to imply the divinity of Jesus. In a handful of cases, early Christians proclaiming Jesus is God and Jesus does not comment further on the matter {{Bible|John 20:28}} {{Bible|Hebrews 1:8}}, which is hardly a compelling or unequivocal message.<br />
<br />
Apologists attempt to reconcile the lack of a divinity claim with their beliefs by pointing out that if Jesus was divine, he may have not known his own divinity or he only realised his divinity later in life. <ref>[http://carm.org/when-did-jesus-know-that-he-was-god]</ref> It is unclear how Jesus could be unaware of being God, given that God is supposedly [[omniscient]].<br />
<br />
Jesus did not even claim to be the ''only'' son of God. This idea was added later and incorporated into the concept of the [[Trinity]]. The term "son of God" is mentioned in several other places in the [[Bible]] and refers to various holy people <ref>[http://www.askelm.com/essentials/ess037.htm]</ref> Therefore, being a "son of God" (or claiming to be one) does not automatically imply being God.<br />
<br />
==Teachings==<br />
<br />
Many Christian apologists have claimed that the high quality of Jesus' moral teachings is undisputed and is evidence of his divinity. However, Jesus' status as a moral teacher has been disputed on many occasions. <br />
<br />
===Good stuff===<br />
<br />
The teachings of Jesus on forgiveness, tolerance, charity, non-violence and anti-materialism are arguably more relevant than ever.<br />
<br />
It should be noted that some secularists hold very positive views of Jesus' ethics. For example, there is a website called Atheists for Jesus <ref>[http://www.atheists-for-jesus.com/]</ref> whose stated mission is "to provide a method of communication between religious and nonreligious people who believe in the message of love and kindness put forth by Jesus". It also argues that Jesus' actual teachings were at odds with the stance of modern Christian fundamentalists.<br />
<br />
In chapter 7 of his book ''[[The God Delusion]]'', [[Richard Dawkins]] praised Jesus because:<br />
<br />
{{quote|[he] was not content to derive his ethics from the scriptures of his upbringing. [...] Since a principle thesis of this chapter is that we do not, and should not, derive our morals from scripture, Jesus has to be honoured as a model for that very thesis.}}<br />
<br />
However, this is questionable since Jesus said he did not come to abolish Old Testament law. {{Bible|Matthew 5:18}}<br />
<br />
===Criticism===<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|Oh, that some one would save them from their Saviour!|[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]}}<br />
<br />
Jesus taught that evil should not be resisted, which is grossly negligent. {{Bible|Matthew 5:39}}<br />
<br />
[[Friedrich Nietzsche]] was critical of his teaching on weakness and [[Christian victimhood|victimhood]] being virtues, as Jesus taught in the [[Beatitudes]]. He also criticised Jesus for waging war against human instincts:<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|And if your right eye offend you, pluck it out|{{Bible|Matthew 5:29}}}}<br />
<br />
In [[Why I Am Not a Christian]], [[Bertrand Russell]] argued that while many of Jesus' teachings were good, the Gospels clearly portray him as believing in [[Problem of Hell|eternal punishment]], and this is [[The scriptural God is unworthy of worship|unbecoming of a truly humane person]].<br />
<br />
Dawkins criticizes New Testament ethics on the issues of [[original sin]] and Jesus' demand that people must abandon their families to follow him.<br />
<br />
Jesus taught that [[hell]] existed and people are sent there {{Bible|Luke 16:22-28}}. This is [[Problem of Hell|eternal punishment after death]] for finite crimes. In contrast, the Old Testament refers to [[Sheol]] which does not imply eternal punishment.<br />
<br />
Jesus teaches to take no thought for the future ({{Bible|Matthew 6:25-34}} {{Bible|Luke 12:22-31}}), which is a very reckless attitude. He also taught that what is esteemed among men (strength, wisdom, etc.) is of little worth:<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|that which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God.|{{Bible|Luke 16:15}}}}<br />
<br />
Jesus also praised being child-like {{Bible|Matthew 19:14}}. Many of these difficult teachings are [[Selective use of the New Testament|ignored by Christians]].<br />
<br />
===Omissions===<br />
<br />
Since Jesus focused a great deal on individual behaviour in the context of his time, he neglected to provide guidance on important issues of our age. He did not teach many of the principles that are now usually considered fundamental to modern life: <ref>God is imaginary, [http://godisimaginary.com/i35.htm Proof #35 - Notice Jesus' myopia]</ref><br />
<br />
* He did not abolish [[slavery]].<br />
* He did not explicitly support racial or gender equality.<br />
* Nothing on education, science policy, health care, child labour or employment.<br />
* Nothing on human rights, fair trials or free speech.<br />
* He seemed disinterested in politics, governmental systems, earthly justice systems, personal weapon ownership and macro-economics.<br />
* Nothing on toleration of [[homosexuality]].<br />
* Very little on [[Christian attitudes to sexuality|sexuality]]. Nothing on [[contraception]].<br />
* No special knowledge on relativity, [[evolution]], the [[big bang]], atomic theory or even world geography.<br />
* No view on art and culture.<br />
* Very little advice on inter-personal relationships (beyond loving everyone) and child raising.<br />
* No guidance on alcohol or recreational drugs.<br />
* Next to nothing on medical ethics, [[abortion]] or [[stem cell research]].<br />
* Nothing explicit on the [[Trinity]].<br />
* Little on the organisation and operation of the institutional church. (It's almost as if Jesus did not intend there to be any such institution!)<br />
<br />
If the [[Bible]] was intended to be a useful guide to life, it is spectacularly deficient in many areas. We should have a higher expectation of a book that was supposedly divinely inspired. Christians often try to extrapolate from the teachings of Jesus to justify their views on contemporary issues but this is of questionable validity. In terms of guidance for the modern age, the [[epistles]] strangely have more to say than Jesus of the [[gospel]]s, although they [[Differences between the Gospels and the epistles|differ from Jesus in a number of areas]].<br />
<br />
===Teachings compared to other thinkers===<br />
<br />
[[Richard Carrier]] has argued that the Roman Stoic philosopher [[Musonius Rufus]] (born 20 AD–30 AD, died as late as 101 AD) was a better moral teacher than Jesus. <ref>[http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/musonius.html]</ref> Among other things, Carrier cites Rufus' belief in equality for slaves and his belief that "freedom of speech means not suppressing whatever one chances to think."<br />
<br />
===Jesus only came for Jews===<br />
<br />
Jesus claimed he was only interested in reforming Judaism and therefore he was not interested in non-Jewish (gentile) believers, who he compared to "dogs". {{Bible|Matthew 15:21-28}} {{Bible|Matthew 10:5-6}}<br />
<br />
{{quote|it is clear that Jesus’ focus was on reforming Israel, not bringing his kingdom message to the rest of the world <ref>[http://thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/trevinwax/2013/01/28/why-did-jesus-say-he-came-only-for-israel/]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Based on this, Jesus was not interested in non-Jewish believers, which means the entirety of Christianity is based on a lie!<br />
<br />
The contradictory idea that Jesus came for non-Jews was an invention in the later chapters, primarily [[Acts]] and the epistles {{Bible|1 John 2:2}}. The accounts of Jesus changing his mind after his resurrection to teach his message to the whole world ({{Bible|Matthew 28:18-20}}) were probably added to the story by the early Christian church to suit their agenda. Modern apologists claim that the later writings in the [[New Testament]] are valid and justify their belief that [[Jesus]] is relevant to gentiles and Christians. <ref>[http://www.gotquestions.org/Jesus-Jews-only.html]</ref><br />
<br />
===Imminent end of the world===<br />
<br />
Jesus believed the world would end within his lifetime, and is based on numerous passages within the Gospels, such as {{Bible|Mark 13}}, where Jesus at least seems to express such a view. It makes sense within the context of the general apocalyptic fervor of the time, as well as the beliefs of [[John the baptist]] and early Christians such as [[Paul]] and the author of the [[book of Revelation]]. Its most famous proponent was Albert Schweitzer. Since the publication of Schweitzer's book ''The Quest of the Historical Jesus'' in 1906, it has been embraced by a large number of Biblical scholars. Modern proponents include Dale Allison, Bart Ehrman, Gerd Ludemann, and E. P. Sanders.<br />
<br />
The [[Jesus Seminar]] argued that there are passages in the Gospels where Jesus expressed the view that the Kingdom of Heaven was not something that was coming through radical future changes but existed at the time in a [[spiritual]] sense. An apocalyptic interpretation of Jesus may have been invented by later Christians.<br />
<br />
==Identity==<br />
<br />
===Naming===<br />
<br />
"Jesus" is the anglicised version of the Latin ''Iesus'', from the Greek ''Iesous'', from the Hebrew ''Yeshua'' (which translates 'salvation'), from which we get the modern westernised name Joshua (in Hebrew, Yehoshua, derived from same root as Yeshua; translates 'YHWH is salvation').<br />
<br />
"Christ" is the anglicised version of the Greek word ''christos'', which is a translation of the Hebrew word ''Mashiach'' (Messiah), meaning "[one who is] anointed". Contrary to the popular opinion, Christ isn't a reference to Jesus' family or surname in the modern western tradition. ''Christ'' refers to the state of being "annointed" (a common reference to being a teacher or priest or some form of authority). Many Christian sects refer to him as Christ Jesus.<br />
<br />
More precisely, he should be referred to as ''Jesus the Christ''. As a person, he is normally referred to as ''Jesus of Nazareth''.<br />
<br />
===Birth Date===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/jesus_born.html|When was Jesus born?}}<br />
According to accounts in the Gospels, Jesus was either born in the year 6 CE (during the first census of the Roman provinces of Syria and Iudaea; during the reign of [[Quirinius]]) {{Bible|Luke 2:2}} or in the period 37-4 BCE (during the reign of [[Herod the Great]]) {{Bible|Matthew 2:1}}. Traditionally on [[December 25th]], although the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] refuse to celebrate Christmas for the reason that the gospels suggest that sheep were still out in the fields suggesting that it wasn't the start of winter (among other reasons). In fact, the December 25 date was by Emperor decree to compete with the popular Sol Invictus worship and first appears on a Roman calendar in 334 CE. Before the decree there was much debate regarding when Jesus was born. Tertullian (c 160–220 CE) and Hippolytus (c 170-235 CE) said March 25; Clement (c 150-215 CE) said May 20, some were saying January 6 (the birthday of [[Osiris]]), and still others pointed to the Essenes whose couples had sex in December so their child would be born September (the holy month of Atonement).<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20100804025628/http://www.jesuspolice.com/common_error.php?id=2 "Born on December 25th" Jesus Police (Internet Archive)]</ref><br />
<br />
So, at best there are 9 years (4BCE - 6CE, no year 0) where neither Gospel allows Jesus to be born and the rest of history where at the least one Gospel contradicts the date. <br />
<br />
A common apologetic response to the discrepancy is to suppose that perhaps Quirinius served as legate to Syria twice, thus allowing his earlier service to coincide with the life of Herod the Great. This is unlikely, however because:<br />
<br />
* Publius Sulpicius Quirinius was fighting some two provinces to the east from 12 BCE to 1 BC so he could not have effectively done a census during this time.<br />
<br />
* Publius Quinctilius Varus oversaw the area covered by Herod the Great's kingdom from c. 8 BCE to 4 BCE as documented by Josephus.<br />
<br />
* In ''Antiquities'' chapter 17 verse 27 Josephus expressly stated as long as Herod the Great lived the province of Judea was exempt from Roman taxation. Ergo Luke's taxation census ''must'' have occurred after Herod's death while Matthew requires it to have happened before.<br />
<br />
Based on these three facts there is [[The Bible is not a reliable historical source|no way to reconcile Luke and Matthew]].<br />
<br />
===Jesus' Race and Ancestry===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/jesus_dad.html|Was Joseph the father of Jesus?}}<br />
[[Image:Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - The Last Supper (1495-1498) Jesus cutout.jpg|thumb|right|A traditional but inaccurate depiction of Jesus in Leonado da Vinci's painting "The Last Supper"]]<br />
<br />
Traditionally, White skinned people represent Jesus with Leonado da Vinci's painting being typical. Jesus, if he existed, would have been a dark skinned Jewish Arab. According to the Bible, Jesus was descended from King [[David]] via Joseph (however, Jospeh is not claimed to be Jesus's biological father). The exact ancestry is debatable because the [[Biblical genealogies|genealogies in the Bible]] are inconsistent.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Argument from biblical miracles]]<br />
*[[Liar, Lunatic or Lord]]<br />
*[[Jesus lived a sinless life]]<br />
*[[Jesusism]]<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/paul_carlson/nt_contradictions.html New Testament Contradictions] by Paul Carlson (infidels.org)<br />
* [http://www.ebonmusings.org/atheism/camel.html Choking on the Camel: The historical evidence for Jesus] by Adam Lee/Ebonmuse (based on Earl Doherty's work)<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
*Funk, Robert W., Roy Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar. ''The Five Gospels: the Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus.'' MacMillian 1993<br />
*Miller, Roberet J. (editor). ''The Apocalyptic Jesus: A Debate.'' Polebridge Press 2001<br />
*Smith, M. (2000, April). Of Jesus and Quirinius. Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 62(2), 278<br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in the Bible]]<br />
[[Category:Jesus]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Jesus_Christ&diff=33244Jesus Christ2015-07-12T19:28:56Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{wikipedia}}<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/JesusHChrist.html|What was Jesus H. Christ's real name?}}<br />
[[Image:CompositeJesus.JPG|thumb|right|200px|There is little agreement as to what Jesus looked like.]]<br />
'''Jesus Christ''' (6–4 BCE to 30–33 CE) was a religious teacher and [[Judaism|Jewish]] reformer. There are [[The Bible is not a reliable historical source|no primary sources]] that record his biographic information or teachings. His life and death is recorded in the [[Gospel]]s, written several decades after his death. His influence gave rise to [[Christianity]].<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|For God so loved the World that he gave his only begotten son, so that whosoever believe in him will have everlasting life|{{bible|John 3:16}}}}<br />
<br />
According to the [[Bible]], Jesus performed [[miracle]]s, such as walking on water, curing the blind, and [[resurrection|raising the dead]]. He also commands great respect with his disciples. The [[Bible]] also records he was crucified by the Romans and was [[Resurrection|resurrected]] on the third day after. According to [[Christian]] doctrine, Jesus is both "Only [[begotten]] Son of [[God]]" and an incarnation of [[God]], who came to [[Jesus died for your sins|die for the sins of man]], so that all people may have everlasting life in [[heaven]]. The Bible states that Jesus was a craftsman or carpenter. {{Bible|Mark 6:3}}<br />
<br />
==Historical Jesus==<br />
{{main article|Existence of Jesus}}<br />
Today, there exists little in the way of historical documentation for Jesus' life beyond the Biblical [[Gospel]], and it is likely that these accounts were not written by eyewitnesses. This lack of evidence makes it very difficult to discern actual historical facts behind the Christian stories that describe him. This, however, has not stopped scholars from defending the existence of a historical Jesus, as well as specific views of who Jesus was.<br />
<br />
Some [[atheist]]s consider discussion of a historical Jesus to be a [[red herring]] and argue that, while a person named Jesus may or may not have existed, there is clearly no reason to believe that he had special powers, was the son of God, or performed miracles. Even if it could be firmly established that Jesus, the man, existed, this would not be evidence for the extraordinary claims that make up the foundation of the Christian religion.<br />
<br />
===Mythic Jesus===<br />
<br />
A few well-publicized writers have argued that Jesus probably never existed. Although, these scholars are in a minority amid Biblical scholarship circles. Examples include G. A. Wells and Earl Doherty. A major argument against the historicity of Jesus is that Paul's letters seem to show no awareness of such an individual (see {{Bible|Hebrews 8:4}}). This is disputed by other scholars, however, who argue that Paul's letters contain clear references to a historical Jesus.<br />
<br />
==Actions==<br />
===Miracles===<br />
{{main article|Argument from scriptural miracles}}<br />
There is almost no evidence for the [[miracle]]s of Jesus outside the hearsay reports of the Gospels. For this reason, there is no basis for accepting that he worked actual miracles. On the other hand, [[faith healing|faith healings]] and exorcisms happen today, though investigations show there is no reason to regard them as actual supernatural events. This suggests a possibility that Jesus was a fraudulent or self-deceived wonder worker and there were witnesses who really believed they had seen him work miracles.<br />
<br />
Unlike Jesus' other miracles, Paul mentions post-[[resurrection]] appearances of Jesus in I Corinthians. Unlike the Gospels, I Corinthians probably was written by its traditionally assigned author. However, the reference provides no better evidence for the resurrection than the evidence for angelical authentication of the Book of the Mormon. It is also not the sort of evidence that many psychical researchers would demand for the existence of ghosts or telepathy.<br />
<br />
===Jesus died for our sins===<br />
{{main article|Jesus died for your sins}}<br />
<br />
[[Christianity|Christians]] believe that Jesus died for our sins as a form of replacement sacrifice {{Bible|Romans 4:25}}. [[Sin]] is said to carry a penalty or punishment. Jesus took on that punishment for the sins of mankind on himself. Exactly how a replacement sacrifice is in any way just is difficult to explain.<br />
<br />
Why did Jesus wait so long to arrive? If Jesus truly is the only path to salvation, then people lived and died for thousands of years with no chance to escape hell.<br />
<br />
===Resurrection and possible claim of divinity===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/firstborn.html|Who was God's firstborn son?}}<br />
{{main article|Christological argument}}<br />
Perhaps the most fundamental belief of Christianity is the [[resurrection]] of Jesus. There are no reliable testimony of the resurrection.<br />
<br />
Jesus claimed to be [[King of the Jews]] {{Bible|Mark 15:2}}, [[Son of Man]] {{Bible|Mark 14:62}} and [[son of God]] {{Bible|John 10:36}}. However, Jesus not explicitly claim to ''be'' God or divine in the [[New Testament]]. Arguably, the clearest claim was {{Bible|John 8:58}} saying "Before [[Abraham]] was, I am". Even this could be interpreted as Jesus "merely" claiming to be superior to Abraham and his words only have a passing resemblance to "I am what I am" {{Bible|Exodus 3:14}} which would imply divinity. <ref>[http://defendingjehovahswitnesses.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/john-858-did-jesus-really-say-i-am.html]</ref> Apologists claim that Jesus often implied that he was God, particularly by allowing believers to worship him and his forgiveness of sins. <ref>[http://www.gotquestions.org/is-Jesus-God.html]</ref> However, the outrage caused by Jesus may have been simply due to his claim that he was Son of God rather than actually being God. At the trial at [[Caiaphas]]'s house, Jesus was accused of claiming to be "son of God" not "God". The sign put on the cross was "King of the Jews" not "God" {{Bible|John 19:19}}. The lack of an explicit claim of Godhood by Jesus and the lack of accusations of this specific claim by his critics in most or all [[gospel]]s is a rather striking omission. It is more than likely the concept of the [[divinity of Jesus]] was added by later interpreters and authors. This manipulation of the New Testament occurred progressively and begin in the 1st century <ref>Peter Cresswell, ''The Invention of Jesus: How the Church Rewrote the New Testament'', 2013</ref>. <br />
<br />
Even the [[epistles]] do not clearly address the issue but certainly begin to imply the divinity of Jesus. In a handful of cases, early Christians proclaiming Jesus is God and Jesus does not comment further on the matter {{Bible|John 20:28}} {{Bible|Hebrews 1:8}}, which is hardly a compelling or unequivocal message.<br />
<br />
Apologists attempt to reconcile the lack of a divinity claim with their beliefs by pointing out that if Jesus was divine, he may have not known his own divinity or he only realised his divinity later in life. <ref>[http://carm.org/when-did-jesus-know-that-he-was-god]</ref> It is unclear how Jesus could be unaware of being God, given that God is supposedly [[omniscient]].<br />
<br />
Jesus did not even claim to be the ''only'' son of God. This idea was added later and incorporated into the concept of the [[Trinity]]. The term "son of God" is mentioned in several other places in the [[Bible]] and refers to various holy people <ref>[http://www.askelm.com/essentials/ess037.htm]</ref> Therefore, being a "son of God" (or claiming to be one) does not automatically imply being God.<br />
<br />
==Teachings==<br />
<br />
Many Christian apologists have claimed that the high quality of Jesus' moral teachings is undisputed and is evidence of his divinity. However, Jesus' status as a moral teacher has been disputed on many occasions. <br />
<br />
===Good stuff===<br />
<br />
The teachings of Jesus on forgiveness, tolerance, charity, non-violence and anti-materialism are arguably more relevant than ever.<br />
<br />
It should be noted that some secularists hold very positive views of Jesus' ethics. For example, there is a website called Atheists for Jesus <ref>[http://www.atheists-for-jesus.com/]</ref> whose stated mission is "to provide a method of communication between religious and nonreligious people who believe in the message of love and kindness put forth by Jesus". It also argues that Jesus' actual teachings were at odds with the stance of modern Christian fundamentalists.<br />
<br />
In chapter 7 of his book ''[[The God Delusion]]'', [[Richard Dawkins]] praised Jesus because:<br />
<br />
{{quote|[he] was not content to derive his ethics from the scriptures of his upbringing. [...] Since a principle thesis of this chapter is that we do not, and should not, derive our morals from scripture, Jesus has to be honoured as a model for that very thesis.}}<br />
<br />
However, this is questionable since Jesus said he did not come to abolish Old Testament law. {{Bible|Matthew 5:18}}<br />
<br />
===Criticism===<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|Oh, that some one would save them from their Saviour!|[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]}}<br />
<br />
Jesus taught that evil should not be resisted, which is grossly negligent. {{Bible|Matthew 5:39}}<br />
<br />
[[Friedrich Nietzsche]] was critical of his teaching on weakness and [[Christian victimhood|victimhood]] being virtues, as Jesus taught in the [[Beatitudes]]. He also criticised Jesus for waging war against human instincts:<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|And if your right eye offend you, pluck it out|{{Bible|Matthew 5:29}}}}<br />
<br />
In [[Why I Am Not a Christian]], [[Bertrand Russell]] argued that while many of Jesus' teachings were good, the Gospels clearly portray him as believing in [[Problem of Hell|eternal punishment]], and this is [[The scriptural God is unworthy of worship|unbecoming of a truly humane person]].<br />
<br />
Dawkins criticizes New Testament ethics on the issues of [[original sin]] and Jesus' demand that people must abandon their families to follow him.<br />
<br />
Jesus taught that [[hell]] existed and people are sent there {{Bible|Luke 16:22-28}}. This is [[Problem of Hell|eternal punishment after death]] for finite crimes. In contrast, the Old Testament refers to [[Sheol]] which does not imply eternal punishment.<br />
<br />
Jesus teaches to take no thought for the future ({{Bible|Matthew 6:25-34}} {{Bible|Luke 12:22-31}}), which is a very reckless attitude. He also taught that what is esteemed among men (strength, wisdom, etc.) is of little worth:<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|that which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God.|{{Bible|Luke 16:15}}}}<br />
<br />
Jesus also praised being child-like {{Bible|Matthew 19:14}}. Many of these difficult teachings are [[Selective use of the New Testament|ignored by Christians]].<br />
<br />
===Omissions===<br />
<br />
Since Jesus focused a great deal on individual behaviour in the context of his time, he neglected to provide guidance on important issues of our age. He did not teach many of the principles that are now usually considered fundamental to modern life: <ref>God is imaginary, [http://godisimaginary.com/i35.htm Proof #35 - Notice Jesus' myopia]</ref><br />
<br />
* He did not abolish [[slavery]].<br />
* He did not explicitly support racial or gender equality.<br />
* Nothing on education, science policy, health care, child labour or employment.<br />
* Nothing on human rights, fair trials or free speech.<br />
* He seemed disinterested in politics, governmental systems, earthly justice systems, personal weapon ownership and macro-economics.<br />
* Nothing on toleration of [[homosexuality]].<br />
* Very little on [[Christian attitudes to sexuality|sexuality]]. Nothing on [[contraception]].<br />
* No special knowledge on relativity, [[evolution]], the [[big bang]], atomic theory or even world geography.<br />
* No view on art and culture.<br />
* Very little advice on inter-personal relationships (beyond loving everyone) and child raising.<br />
* No guidance on alcohol or recreational drugs.<br />
* Next to nothing on medical ethics, [[abortion]] or [[stem cell research]].<br />
* Nothing explicit on the [[Trinity]].<br />
* Little on the organisation and operation of the institutional church. (It's almost as if Jesus did not intend there to be any such institution!)<br />
<br />
If the [[Bible]] was intended to be a useful guide to life, it is spectacularly deficient in many areas. We should have a higher expectation of a book that was supposedly divinely inspired. Christians often try to extrapolate from the teachings of Jesus to justify their views on contemporary issues but this is of questionable validity. In terms of guidance for the modern age, the [[epistles]] strangely have more to say than Jesus of the [[gospel]]s, although they [[Differences between the Gospels and the epistles|differ from Jesus in a number of areas]].<br />
<br />
===Teachings compared to other thinkers===<br />
<br />
[[Richard Carrier]] has argued that the Roman Stoic philosopher [[Musonius Rufus]] (born 20 AD–30 AD, died as late as 101 AD) was a better moral teacher than Jesus. <ref>[http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/musonius.html]</ref> Among other things, Carrier cites Rufus' belief in equality for slaves and his belief that "freedom of speech means not suppressing whatever one chances to think."<br />
<br />
===Jesus only came for Jews===<br />
<br />
Jesus claimed he was only interested in reforming Judaism and therefore he was not interested in non-Jewish (gentile) believers, who he compared to "dogs". {{Bible|Matthew 15:21-28}} {{Bible|Matthew 10:5-6}}<br />
<br />
{{quote|it is clear that Jesus’ focus was on reforming Israel, not bringing his kingdom message to the rest of the world <ref>[http://thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/trevinwax/2013/01/28/why-did-jesus-say-he-came-only-for-israel/]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Based on this, Jesus was not interested in non-Jewish believers, which means the entirety of Christianity is based on a lie!<br />
<br />
The contradictory idea that Jesus came for non-Jews was an invention in the later chapters, primarily [[Acts]] and the epistles {{Bible|1 John 2:2}}. The accounts of Jesus changing his mind after his resurrection to teach his message to the whole world ({{Bible|Matthew 28:18-20}}) were probably added to the story by the early Christian church to suit their agenda. Modern apologists claim that the later writings in the [[New Testament]] are valid and justify their belief that [[Jesus]] is relevant to gentiles and Christians. <ref>[http://www.gotquestions.org/Jesus-Jews-only.html]</ref><br />
<br />
===Imminent end of the world===<br />
<br />
Jesus believed the world would end within his lifetime, and is based on numerous passages within the Gospels, such as {{Bible|Mark 13}}, where Jesus at least seems to express such a view. It makes sense within the context of the general apocalyptic fervor of the time, as well as the beliefs of [[John the baptist]] and early Christians such as [[Paul]] and the author of the [[book of Revelation]]. Its most famous proponent was Albert Schweitzer. Since the publication of Schweitzer's book ''The Quest of the Historical Jesus'' in 1906, it has been embraced by a large number of Biblical scholars. Modern proponents include Dale Allison, Bart Ehrman, Gerd Ludemann, and E. P. Sanders.<br />
<br />
The [[Jesus Seminar]] argued that there are passages in the Gospels where Jesus expressed the view that the Kingdom of Heaven was not something that was coming through radical future changes but existed at the time in a [[spiritual]] sense. An apocalyptic interpretation of Jesus may have been invented by later Christians.<br />
<br />
==Identity==<br />
<br />
===Naming===<br />
<br />
"Jesus" is the anglicised version of the Latin ''Iesus'', from the Greek ''Iesous'', from the Hebrew ''Yeshua'' (which translates 'salvation'), from which we get the modern westernised name Joshua (in Hebrew, Yehoshua, derived from same root as Yeshua; translates 'YHWH is salvation').<br />
<br />
"Christ" is the anglicised version of the Greek word ''christos'', which is a translation of the Hebrew word ''Mashiach'' (Messiah), meaning "[one who is] anointed". Contrary to the popular opinion, Christ isn't a reference to Jesus' family or surname in the modern western tradition. ''Christ'' refers to the state of being "annointed" (a common reference to being a teacher or priest or some form of authority). Many Christian sects refer to him as Christ Jesus.<br />
<br />
More precisely, he should be referred to as ''Jesus the Christ''. As a person, he is normally referred to as ''Jesus of Nazareth''.<br />
<br />
===Birth Date===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/jesus_born.html|When was Jesus born?}}<br />
According to accounts in the Gospels, Jesus was either born in the year 6 CE (during the first census of the Roman provinces of Syria and Iudaea; during the reign of [[Quirinius]]) {{Bible|Luke 2:2}} or in the period 37-4 BCE (during the reign of [[Herod the Great]]) {{Bible|Matthew 2:1}}. Traditionally on [[December 25th]], although the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] refuse to celebrate Christmas for the reason that the gospels suggest that sheep were still out in the fields suggesting that it wasn't the start of winter (among other reasons). In fact, the December 25 date was by Emperor decree to compete with the popular Sol Invictus worship and first appears on a Roman calendar in 334 CE. Before the decree there was much debate regarding when Jesus was born. Tertullian (c 160–220 CE) and Hippolytus (c 170-235 CE) said March 25; Clement (c 150-215 CE) said May 20, some were saying January 6 (the birthday of [[Osiris]]), and still others pointed to the Essenes whose couples had sex in December so their child would be born September (the holy month of Atonement).<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20100804025628/http://www.jesuspolice.com/common_error.php?id=2 "Born on December 25th" Jesus Police (Internet Archive)]</ref><br />
<br />
So, at best there are 9 years (4BCE - 6CE, no year 0) where neither Gospel allows Jesus to be born and the rest of history where at the least one Gospel contradicts the date. <br />
<br />
A common apologetic response to the discrepancy is to suppose that perhaps Quirinius served as legate to Syria twice, thus allowing his earlier service to coincide with the life of Herod the Great. This is unlikely, however because:<br />
<br />
* Publius Sulpicius Quirinius was fighting some two provinces to the east from 12 BCE to 1 BC so he could not have effectively done a census during this time.<br />
<br />
* Publius Quinctilius Varus oversaw the area covered by Herod the Great's kingdom from c. 8 BCE to 4 BCE as documented by Josephus.<br />
<br />
* In ''Antiquities'' chapter 17 verse 27 Josephus expressly stated as long as Herod the Great lived the province of Judea was exempt from Roman taxation. Ergo Luke's taxation census ''must'' have occurred after Herod's death while Matthew requires it to have happened before.<br />
<br />
Based on these three facts there is [[The Bible is not a reliable historical source|no way to reconcile Luke and Matthew]].<br />
<br />
===Jesus' Race and Ancestry===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/jesus_dad.html|Was Joseph the father of Jesus?}}<br />
[[Image:Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - The Last Supper (1495-1498) Jesus cutout.jpg|thumb|right|A traditional but inaccurate depiction of Jesus in Leonado da Vinci's painting "The Last Supper"]]<br />
<br />
Traditionally, White skinned people represent Jesus with Leonado da Vinci's painting being typical. Jesus, if he existed, would have been a dark skinned Jewish Arab. According to the Bible, Jesus was descended from King [[David]] via Joseph (however, Jospeh is not claimed to be Jesus's biological father). The exact ancestry is debatable because the [[Biblical genealogies|genealogies in the Bible]] are inconsistent.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Argument from biblical miracles]]<br />
*[[Liar, Lunatic or Lord]]<br />
*[[Jesus lived a sinless life]]<br />
*[[Jesusism]]<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/paul_carlson/nt_contradictions.html New Testament Contradictions] by Paul Carlson (infidels.org)<br />
* [http://www.ebonmusings.org/atheism/camel.html Choking on the Camel: The historical evidence for Jesus] by Adam Lee/Ebonmuse (based on Earl Doherty's work)<br />
* RationalWiki article on Jesus [http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
*Funk, Robert W., Roy Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar. ''The Five Gospels: the Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus.'' MacMillian 1993<br />
*Miller, Roberet J. (editor). ''The Apocalyptic Jesus: A Debate.'' Polebridge Press 2001<br />
*Smith, M. (2000, April). Of Jesus and Quirinius. Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 62(2), 278<br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in the Bible]]<br />
[[Category:Jesus]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Jesus_Christ&diff=33243Jesus Christ2015-07-12T19:24:29Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{wikipedia}}<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/JesusHChrist.html|What was Jesus H. Christ's real name?}}<br />
{{rationalwiki|http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ|Jesus}}<br />
[[Image:CompositeJesus.JPG|thumb|right|200px|There is little agreement as to what Jesus looked like.]]<br />
'''Jesus Christ''' (6–4 BCE to 30–33 CE) was a religious teacher and [[Judaism|Jewish]] reformer. There are [[The Bible is not a reliable historical source|no primary sources]] that record his biographic information or teachings. His life and death is recorded in the [[Gospel]]s, written several decades after his death. His influence gave rise to [[Christianity]].<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|For God so loved the World that he gave his only begotten son, so that whosoever believe in him will have everlasting life|{{bible|John 3:16}}}}<br />
<br />
According to the [[Bible]], Jesus performed [[miracle]]s, such as walking on water, curing the blind, and [[resurrection|raising the dead]]. He also commands great respect with his disciples. The [[Bible]] also records he was crucified by the Romans and was [[Resurrection|resurrected]] on the third day after. According to [[Christian]] doctrine, Jesus is both "Only [[begotten]] Son of [[God]]" and an incarnation of [[God]], who came to [[Jesus died for your sins|die for the sins of man]], so that all people may have everlasting life in [[heaven]]. The Bible states that Jesus was a craftsman or carpenter. {{Bible|Mark 6:3}}<br />
<br />
==Historical Jesus==<br />
{{main article|Existence of Jesus}}<br />
Today, there exists little in the way of historical documentation for Jesus' life beyond the Biblical [[Gospel]], and it is likely that these accounts were not written by eyewitnesses. This lack of evidence makes it very difficult to discern actual historical facts behind the Christian stories that describe him. This, however, has not stopped scholars from defending the existence of a historical Jesus, as well as specific views of who Jesus was.<br />
<br />
Some [[atheist]]s consider discussion of a historical Jesus to be a [[red herring]] and argue that, while a person named Jesus may or may not have existed, there is clearly no reason to believe that he had special powers, was the son of God, or performed miracles. Even if it could be firmly established that Jesus, the man, existed, this would not be evidence for the extraordinary claims that make up the foundation of the Christian religion.<br />
<br />
===Mythic Jesus===<br />
<br />
A few well-publicized writers have argued that Jesus probably never existed. Although, these scholars are in a minority amid Biblical scholarship circles. Examples include G. A. Wells and Earl Doherty. A major argument against the historicity of Jesus is that Paul's letters seem to show no awareness of such an individual (see {{Bible|Hebrews 8:4}}). This is disputed by other scholars, however, who argue that Paul's letters contain clear references to a historical Jesus.<br />
<br />
==Actions==<br />
===Miracles===<br />
{{main article|Argument from scriptural miracles}}<br />
There is almost no evidence for the [[miracle]]s of Jesus outside the hearsay reports of the Gospels. For this reason, there is no basis for accepting that he worked actual miracles. On the other hand, [[faith healing|faith healings]] and exorcisms happen today, though investigations show there is no reason to regard them as actual supernatural events. This suggests a possibility that Jesus was a fraudulent or self-deceived wonder worker and there were witnesses who really believed they had seen him work miracles.<br />
<br />
Unlike Jesus' other miracles, Paul mentions post-[[resurrection]] appearances of Jesus in I Corinthians. Unlike the Gospels, I Corinthians probably was written by its traditionally assigned author. However, the reference provides no better evidence for the resurrection than the evidence for angelical authentication of the Book of the Mormon. It is also not the sort of evidence that many psychical researchers would demand for the existence of ghosts or telepathy.<br />
<br />
===Jesus died for our sins===<br />
{{main article|Jesus died for your sins}}<br />
<br />
[[Christianity|Christians]] believe that Jesus died for our sins as a form of replacement sacrifice {{Bible|Romans 4:25}}. [[Sin]] is said to carry a penalty or punishment. Jesus took on that punishment for the sins of mankind on himself. Exactly how a replacement sacrifice is in any way just is difficult to explain.<br />
<br />
Why did Jesus wait so long to arrive? If Jesus truly is the only path to salvation, then people lived and died for thousands of years with no chance to escape hell.<br />
<br />
===Resurrection and possible claim of divinity===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/firstborn.html|Who was God's firstborn son?}}<br />
{{main article|Christological argument}}<br />
Perhaps the most fundamental belief of Christianity is the [[resurrection]] of Jesus. There are no reliable testimony of the resurrection.<br />
<br />
Jesus claimed to be [[King of the Jews]] {{Bible|Mark 15:2}}, [[Son of Man]] {{Bible|Mark 14:62}} and [[son of God]] {{Bible|John 10:36}}. However, Jesus not explicitly claim to ''be'' God or divine in the [[New Testament]]. Arguably, the clearest claim was {{Bible|John 8:58}} saying "Before [[Abraham]] was, I am". Even this could be interpreted as Jesus "merely" claiming to be superior to Abraham and his words only have a passing resemblance to "I am what I am" {{Bible|Exodus 3:14}} which would imply divinity. <ref>[http://defendingjehovahswitnesses.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/john-858-did-jesus-really-say-i-am.html]</ref> Apologists claim that Jesus often implied that he was God, particularly by allowing believers to worship him and his forgiveness of sins. <ref>[http://www.gotquestions.org/is-Jesus-God.html]</ref> However, the outrage caused by Jesus may have been simply due to his claim that he was Son of God rather than actually being God. At the trial at [[Caiaphas]]'s house, Jesus was accused of claiming to be "son of God" not "God". The sign put on the cross was "King of the Jews" not "God" {{Bible|John 19:19}}. The lack of an explicit claim of Godhood by Jesus and the lack of accusations of this specific claim by his critics in most or all [[gospel]]s is a rather striking omission. It is more than likely the concept of the [[divinity of Jesus]] was added by later interpreters and authors. This manipulation of the New Testament occurred progressively and begin in the 1st century <ref>Peter Cresswell, ''The Invention of Jesus: How the Church Rewrote the New Testament'', 2013</ref>. <br />
<br />
Even the [[epistles]] do not clearly address the issue but certainly begin to imply the divinity of Jesus. In a handful of cases, early Christians proclaiming Jesus is God and Jesus does not comment further on the matter {{Bible|John 20:28}} {{Bible|Hebrews 1:8}}, which is hardly a compelling or unequivocal message.<br />
<br />
Apologists attempt to reconcile the lack of a divinity claim with their beliefs by pointing out that if Jesus was divine, he may have not known his own divinity or he only realised his divinity later in life. <ref>[http://carm.org/when-did-jesus-know-that-he-was-god]</ref> It is unclear how Jesus could be unaware of being God, given that God is supposedly [[omniscient]].<br />
<br />
Jesus did not even claim to be the ''only'' son of God. This idea was added later and incorporated into the concept of the [[Trinity]]. The term "son of God" is mentioned in several other places in the [[Bible]] and refers to various holy people <ref>[http://www.askelm.com/essentials/ess037.htm]</ref> Therefore, being a "son of God" (or claiming to be one) does not automatically imply being God.<br />
<br />
==Teachings==<br />
<br />
Many Christian apologists have claimed that the high quality of Jesus' moral teachings is undisputed and is evidence of his divinity. However, Jesus' status as a moral teacher has been disputed on many occasions. <br />
<br />
===Good stuff===<br />
<br />
The teachings of Jesus on forgiveness, tolerance, charity, non-violence and anti-materialism are arguably more relevant than ever.<br />
<br />
It should be noted that some secularists hold very positive views of Jesus' ethics. For example, there is a website called Atheists for Jesus <ref>[http://www.atheists-for-jesus.com/]</ref> whose stated mission is "to provide a method of communication between religious and nonreligious people who believe in the message of love and kindness put forth by Jesus". It also argues that Jesus' actual teachings were at odds with the stance of modern Christian fundamentalists.<br />
<br />
In chapter 7 of his book ''[[The God Delusion]]'', [[Richard Dawkins]] praised Jesus because:<br />
<br />
{{quote|[he] was not content to derive his ethics from the scriptures of his upbringing. [...] Since a principle thesis of this chapter is that we do not, and should not, derive our morals from scripture, Jesus has to be honoured as a model for that very thesis.}}<br />
<br />
However, this is questionable since Jesus said he did not come to abolish Old Testament law. {{Bible|Matthew 5:18}}<br />
<br />
===Criticism===<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|Oh, that some one would save them from their Saviour!|[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]}}<br />
<br />
Jesus taught that evil should not be resisted, which is grossly negligent. {{Bible|Matthew 5:39}}<br />
<br />
[[Friedrich Nietzsche]] was critical of his teaching on weakness and [[Christian victimhood|victimhood]] being virtues, as Jesus taught in the [[Beatitudes]]. He also criticised Jesus for waging war against human instincts:<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|And if your right eye offend you, pluck it out|{{Bible|Matthew 5:29}}}}<br />
<br />
In [[Why I Am Not a Christian]], [[Bertrand Russell]] argued that while many of Jesus' teachings were good, the Gospels clearly portray him as believing in [[Problem of Hell|eternal punishment]], and this is [[The scriptural God is unworthy of worship|unbecoming of a truly humane person]].<br />
<br />
Dawkins criticizes New Testament ethics on the issues of [[original sin]] and Jesus' demand that people must abandon their families to follow him.<br />
<br />
Jesus taught that [[hell]] existed and people are sent there {{Bible|Luke 16:22-28}}. This is [[Problem of Hell|eternal punishment after death]] for finite crimes. In contrast, the Old Testament refers to [[Sheol]] which does not imply eternal punishment.<br />
<br />
Jesus teaches to take no thought for the future ({{Bible|Matthew 6:25-34}} {{Bible|Luke 12:22-31}}), which is a very reckless attitude. He also taught that what is esteemed among men (strength, wisdom, etc.) is of little worth:<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|that which is highly esteemed among men is abomination in the sight of God.|{{Bible|Luke 16:15}}}}<br />
<br />
Jesus also praised being child-like {{Bible|Matthew 19:14}}. Many of these difficult teachings are [[Selective use of the New Testament|ignored by Christians]].<br />
<br />
===Omissions===<br />
<br />
Since Jesus focused a great deal on individual behaviour in the context of his time, he neglected to provide guidance on important issues of our age. He did not teach many of the principles that are now usually considered fundamental to modern life: <ref>God is imaginary, [http://godisimaginary.com/i35.htm Proof #35 - Notice Jesus' myopia]</ref><br />
<br />
* He did not abolish [[slavery]].<br />
* He did not explicitly support racial or gender equality.<br />
* Nothing on education, science policy, health care, child labour or employment.<br />
* Nothing on human rights, fair trials or free speech.<br />
* He seemed disinterested in politics, governmental systems, earthly justice systems, personal weapon ownership and macro-economics.<br />
* Nothing on toleration of [[homosexuality]].<br />
* Very little on [[Christian attitudes to sexuality|sexuality]]. Nothing on [[contraception]].<br />
* No special knowledge on relativity, [[evolution]], the [[big bang]], atomic theory or even world geography.<br />
* No view on art and culture.<br />
* Very little advice on inter-personal relationships (beyond loving everyone) and child raising.<br />
* No guidance on alcohol or recreational drugs.<br />
* Next to nothing on medical ethics, [[abortion]] or [[stem cell research]].<br />
* Nothing explicit on the [[Trinity]].<br />
* Little on the organisation and operation of the institutional church. (It's almost as if Jesus did not intend there to be any such institution!)<br />
<br />
If the [[Bible]] was intended to be a useful guide to life, it is spectacularly deficient in many areas. We should have a higher expectation of a book that was supposedly divinely inspired. Christians often try to extrapolate from the teachings of Jesus to justify their views on contemporary issues but this is of questionable validity. In terms of guidance for the modern age, the [[epistles]] strangely have more to say than Jesus of the [[gospel]]s, although they [[Differences between the Gospels and the epistles|differ from Jesus in a number of areas]].<br />
<br />
===Teachings compared to other thinkers===<br />
<br />
[[Richard Carrier]] has argued that the Roman Stoic philosopher [[Musonius Rufus]] (born 20 AD–30 AD, died as late as 101 AD) was a better moral teacher than Jesus. <ref>[http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/musonius.html]</ref> Among other things, Carrier cites Rufus' belief in equality for slaves and his belief that "freedom of speech means not suppressing whatever one chances to think."<br />
<br />
===Jesus only came for Jews===<br />
<br />
Jesus claimed he was only interested in reforming Judaism and therefore he was not interested in non-Jewish (gentile) believers, who he compared to "dogs". {{Bible|Matthew 15:21-28}} {{Bible|Matthew 10:5-6}}<br />
<br />
{{quote|it is clear that Jesus’ focus was on reforming Israel, not bringing his kingdom message to the rest of the world <ref>[http://thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/trevinwax/2013/01/28/why-did-jesus-say-he-came-only-for-israel/]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Based on this, Jesus was not interested in non-Jewish believers, which means the entirety of Christianity is based on a lie!<br />
<br />
The contradictory idea that Jesus came for non-Jews was an invention in the later chapters, primarily [[Acts]] and the epistles {{Bible|1 John 2:2}}. The accounts of Jesus changing his mind after his resurrection to teach his message to the whole world ({{Bible|Matthew 28:18-20}}) were probably added to the story by the early Christian church to suit their agenda. Modern apologists claim that the later writings in the [[New Testament]] are valid and justify their belief that [[Jesus]] is relevant to gentiles and Christians. <ref>[http://www.gotquestions.org/Jesus-Jews-only.html]</ref><br />
<br />
===Imminent end of the world===<br />
<br />
Jesus believed the world would end within his lifetime, and is based on numerous passages within the Gospels, such as {{Bible|Mark 13}}, where Jesus at least seems to express such a view. It makes sense within the context of the general apocalyptic fervor of the time, as well as the beliefs of [[John the baptist]] and early Christians such as [[Paul]] and the author of the [[book of Revelation]]. Its most famous proponent was Albert Schweitzer. Since the publication of Schweitzer's book ''The Quest of the Historical Jesus'' in 1906, it has been embraced by a large number of Biblical scholars. Modern proponents include Dale Allison, Bart Ehrman, Gerd Ludemann, and E. P. Sanders.<br />
<br />
The [[Jesus Seminar]] argued that there are passages in the Gospels where Jesus expressed the view that the Kingdom of Heaven was not something that was coming through radical future changes but existed at the time in a [[spiritual]] sense. An apocalyptic interpretation of Jesus may have been invented by later Christians.<br />
<br />
==Identity==<br />
<br />
===Naming===<br />
<br />
"Jesus" is the anglicised version of the Latin ''Iesus'', from the Greek ''Iesous'', from the Hebrew ''Yeshua'' (which translates 'salvation'), from which we get the modern westernised name Joshua (in Hebrew, Yehoshua, derived from same root as Yeshua; translates 'YHWH is salvation').<br />
<br />
"Christ" is the anglicised version of the Greek word ''christos'', which is a translation of the Hebrew word ''Mashiach'' (Messiah), meaning "[one who is] anointed". Contrary to the popular opinion, Christ isn't a reference to Jesus' family or surname in the modern western tradition. ''Christ'' refers to the state of being "annointed" (a common reference to being a teacher or priest or some form of authority). Many Christian sects refer to him as Christ Jesus.<br />
<br />
More precisely, he should be referred to as ''Jesus the Christ''. As a person, he is normally referred to as ''Jesus of Nazareth''.<br />
<br />
===Birth Date===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/jesus_born.html|When was Jesus born?}}<br />
According to accounts in the Gospels, Jesus was either born in the year 6 CE (during the first census of the Roman provinces of Syria and Iudaea; during the reign of [[Quirinius]]) {{Bible|Luke 2:2}} or in the period 37-4 BCE (during the reign of [[Herod the Great]]) {{Bible|Matthew 2:1}}. Traditionally on [[December 25th]], although the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] refuse to celebrate Christmas for the reason that the gospels suggest that sheep were still out in the fields suggesting that it wasn't the start of winter (among other reasons). In fact, the December 25 date was by Emperor decree to compete with the popular Sol Invictus worship and first appears on a Roman calendar in 334 CE. Before the decree there was much debate regarding when Jesus was born. Tertullian (c 160–220 CE) and Hippolytus (c 170-235 CE) said March 25; Clement (c 150-215 CE) said May 20, some were saying January 6 (the birthday of [[Osiris]]), and still others pointed to the Essenes whose couples had sex in December so their child would be born September (the holy month of Atonement).<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20100804025628/http://www.jesuspolice.com/common_error.php?id=2 "Born on December 25th" Jesus Police (Internet Archive)]</ref><br />
<br />
So, at best there are 9 years (4BCE - 6CE, no year 0) where neither Gospel allows Jesus to be born and the rest of history where at the least one Gospel contradicts the date. <br />
<br />
A common apologetic response to the discrepancy is to suppose that perhaps Quirinius served as legate to Syria twice, thus allowing his earlier service to coincide with the life of Herod the Great. This is unlikely, however because:<br />
<br />
* Publius Sulpicius Quirinius was fighting some two provinces to the east from 12 BCE to 1 BC so he could not have effectively done a census during this time.<br />
<br />
* Publius Quinctilius Varus oversaw the area covered by Herod the Great's kingdom from c. 8 BCE to 4 BCE as documented by Josephus.<br />
<br />
* In ''Antiquities'' chapter 17 verse 27 Josephus expressly stated as long as Herod the Great lived the province of Judea was exempt from Roman taxation. Ergo Luke's taxation census ''must'' have occurred after Herod's death while Matthew requires it to have happened before.<br />
<br />
Based on these three facts there is [[The Bible is not a reliable historical source|no way to reconcile Luke and Matthew]].<br />
<br />
===Jesus' Race and Ancestry===<br />
{{sab|http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/jesus_dad.html|Was Joseph the father of Jesus?}}<br />
[[Image:Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - The Last Supper (1495-1498) Jesus cutout.jpg|thumb|right|A traditional but inaccurate depiction of Jesus in Leonado da Vinci's painting "The Last Supper"]]<br />
<br />
Traditionally, White skinned people represent Jesus with Leonado da Vinci's painting being typical. Jesus, if he existed, would have been a dark skinned Jewish Arab. According to the Bible, Jesus was descended from King [[David]] via Joseph (however, Jospeh is not claimed to be Jesus's biological father). The exact ancestry is debatable because the [[Biblical genealogies|genealogies in the Bible]] are inconsistent.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Argument from biblical miracles]]<br />
*[[Liar, Lunatic or Lord]]<br />
*[[Jesus lived a sinless life]]<br />
*[[Jesusism]]<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/paul_carlson/nt_contradictions.html New Testament Contradictions] by Paul Carlson (infidels.org)<br />
* [http://www.ebonmusings.org/atheism/camel.html Choking on the Camel: The historical evidence for Jesus] by Adam Lee/Ebonmuse (based on Earl Doherty's work)<br />
<br />
==Footnotes==<br />
*Funk, Robert W., Roy Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar. ''The Five Gospels: the Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus.'' MacMillian 1993<br />
*Miller, Roberet J. (editor). ''The Apocalyptic Jesus: A Debate.'' Polebridge Press 2001<br />
*Smith, M. (2000, April). Of Jesus and Quirinius. Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 62(2), 278<br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in the Bible]]<br />
[[Category:Jesus]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=User_talk:TimSC&diff=33230User talk:TimSC2015-07-11T21:40:45Z<p>Jack: /* I have a question for you */ new section</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Welcome to ''Iron Chariots Wiki''!'''<br />
We hope you will contribute much and well.<br />
You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].<br />
Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 15:44, 14 February 2014 (CST)<br />
<br />
Hi Tim, I tried to reply to your email asking for permission to update the front page, but it bounced. I say go ahead.<br />
<br />
Also, would you be interested in helping to approve new members? I notice you've been pretty active lately and I could use some help. --[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 10:01, 8 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:I am not sure how long I can keep up my edit rate but I keep finding stuff to do. :) Not sure why my email address is bouncing emails - I'll look into it. I am willing and able to help with new user registration. Did you get me email from a while back that thumbnails are not being generated on the wiki? (the gremlins might have eaten that too) --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 10:08, 8 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
==Mental note to self: How many times was John beheaded?==<br />
<br />
I was confused by this: <br />
<br />
''Mark 6:14 And king Herod heard of him; (for his name was spread abroad:) and he said, That John the Baptist was risen from the dead, and therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him.''<br />
<br />
''Mark 6:16 But when Herod heard thereof, he said, It is John, whom I beheaded: he is risen from the dead.''<br />
<br />
''Mark 6:25 And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist.''<br />
<br />
''Mark 6:27 And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison,''<br />
<br />
How many times was John beheaded? Apparently Mark 6:17 onwards is a flashback: [http://bibleq.net/answer/2660/]<br />
<br />
== New pages ==<br />
<br />
Tim,<br />
<br />
I tried to email you at both the addresses I have for you, but they both bounced. I hope you see this. Let me toss off a few words about what's on my mind right now regarding your new edits.<br />
<br />
I'm worried because any time we have one person doing the bulk of the new editing on the wiki, there's not much other oversight about whether the content is really suitable or not. Generally speaking I try to be extremely conservative with creating new articles. In the last few weeks I noticed you were creating many dozens of new articles with new categories, and I'm not sure if they are necessary articles or bloat.<br />
<br />
I hate to throttle you on this since I'm not actively visiting Iron Chariots on a regular basis, but Matt and I envisioned this as a repository dealing with common apologetics arguments. To pick a random example among the many articles created recently: [[Not all events necessarily have causes]]<br />
<br />
"Not all events necessarily have causes" is not a term people will be searching for. It is not the name of a common theistic or atheistic argument that stands alone, nor is it a formal fallacy. At best it seems like it would work as a subsection of the "first cause argument" page, which DOES reference a common argument with a name. But even then, the article I'm reading seems to be a lengthy conversational piece about the topic, not a succinct set of responses to frequently used apologetics.<br />
<br />
Iron Chariots is not a blog or a magazine. It's a reference resource. You see what I mean?<br />
<br />
--[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 13:02, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:Sorry about the email weirdness. Wiki discussion is fine. Most of my page creations are either apologetics arguments or renaming of existing pages. I don't remember creating many categories... 2 or 3 about two or three, certainly not dozens. I'd say about 10 or 12 have been created about philosophical concepts or books, which are separate from any specific argument.<br />
<br />
:The title "Not all events necessarily have causes" was my attempt at being user friendly. Perhaps philosophical terminology of concepts would be better, in this case it would be "brute contingencies" or "contingent brute facts". <br />
<br />
:I agree that apologetic arguments and counter-arguments have primacy. However, this concept occurs in all(?) variants of the cosmological argument and is probably ''the'' biggest counter argument. I think there are about 4 cosmological argument pages on the wiki. I wanted to put additional detail somewhere on the wiki but I think putting it within each of the arguments pages would have bloated them with significant duplication of content. Similarly, if we put a full in depth discussion for and against "infinite regress" on every page separately, it will be horribly duplicated since it is such a common concept.<br />
<br />
:I guess we should ask ourselves, how much detail is necessary for the concepts we discuss? Should the detail of concepts go on the main article page or on supporting pages? Perhaps "Not all events necessarily have causes" should be merged into "principle of sufficient reason"? Should all the cosmological arguments be merged? Perhaps work needs to focus on the common arguments and when that is done, review. It seems to me a discussion of key concepts such as infinite regress & principle of sufficient reason is more important than rehashing logical fallacies where are already well documented elsewhere. A push in the right direction would be appreciated! --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 13:45, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
::Sorry, it looks like Kyle Youmans is the one creating all the categories, not you. I'm trying to bring in a few more people on this discussion so we can brainstorm about managing a consistent content style. --[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 13:57, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:: If I might weigh in: it seems to me that readers will most likely read the page they came for, but probably won't look at related pages unless there's a good reason to do so (such as a "Main article at..." link). So as a rule of thumb, it's best to keep information on existing pages, rather than create new ones. It's also easier to split a section off into its own article, than it is to combine multiple articles into one. --[[User:Arensb|Arensb]] 15:18, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
::: I think I understand but unsure if I am correctly interpreting your point. I think you are suggesting that new content should generally be added to each argument page. You mention that articles may need to be split into separate articles, but I am not sure what circumstances this would occur - presumably when it gets too long? If so, I agree. The main argument article should be comprehensive but perhaps some of the more obscure details can be put it related pages that are linked, preferably using the "main article" template. I think the [http://wiki.ironchariots.org/index.php?title=Cosmological_argument&oldid=26515 cosmological argument] is good in this regard. What do you think? <br />
<br />
:::I suggest we move the discussion to [[Project talk:Layout and styleguide]]. Watching that page might be a good idea too. --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 04:00, 28 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Rbutr ==<br />
<br />
Have you heard of a program called [[Rbutr]]? It was created to counter false information on the internet so I think that it would be a great tool to use to show people the arguments presented on this wiki. [[User:Kyle Youmans|Kyle Youmans]] 18:30, 6 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
:I had not heard of it previously. It's an interesting concept and it might be a useful research tool. I am glad they use [http://blog.rbutr.com/2013/12/why-does-rbutr-need-to-access-all-my-data-on-all-websites/ hashes] to see where I browse rather than totally violating privacy. --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 12:34, 8 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Ironchariots Awareness ==<br />
<br />
How can I get more people to find this website?<br />
[[User:Kyle Youmans|Kyle Youmans]] 19:17, 29 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:That is a complicated question! I am not sure I have much insight here. :) The two main areas might be what we can do directly to the wiki and also what resources are available outside the wiki. Improving the wiki to make it more useful and findable on search engines is the easier one. We probably could do with improving the [[:Special:PopularPages|popular pages]], improving navigation, content and images. We might do better in adding articles that are really of interest to people who are grappling with these issues and underpin the classic arguments (e.g. [[What would it take to change your mind?]]) and avoid duplicating excelling content of other websites. People's mights are chanced by highlighting and questioning their assumptions.<br />
<br />
:What we can do outside the wiki: encourage links to the wiki (by making the wiki useful and persuasion). There is the similar wiki [[RationalWiki]] which is broader in coverage and seem popular but they have page counts turned off. If we have in depth content, we might get a link to the article. Some generic tips: [http://www.wikihow.com/Increase-Website-Traffic]. Perhaps we could get a selection in publishable ebook/paper format? Any thoughts yourself? --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 12:51, 30 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Criticism required (demanded!) ==<br />
Hi Tim,<br />
<br />
I don't see any other active members on the Wiki and wondered if you could help me improve on [[Sikhism|the page]] I'm working on? Sometimes I am blind to mistakes I make and I don't always have the sense of putting things in the right order. I need someone to criticise or find flaws on the page or arguments/rebuttals made.<br />
<br />
~Dally <small>—The preceding [[Project:Sign your comments|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Dally|Dally]] ([[User talk:Dally|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dally|contribs]]){{if|test=20:30, 7 February 2015|then=, 20:30, 7 February 2015|else=.}}</small><br />
<br />
:Will do! I'll make changes and use the talk page for the [[Sikhism]] article.--[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 04:42, 8 February 2015 (CST)<br />
<br />
== I have a question for you ==<br />
<br />
Hi, how many people are editing or active on this wiki?<br />
<br />
== I have a question for you ==<br />
<br />
Hi, how many people are editing or active on this wiki?</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=User_talk:TimSC&diff=33229User talk:TimSC2015-07-11T21:40:44Z<p>Jack: /* I have a question for you */ new section</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Welcome to ''Iron Chariots Wiki''!'''<br />
We hope you will contribute much and well.<br />
You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].<br />
Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 15:44, 14 February 2014 (CST)<br />
<br />
Hi Tim, I tried to reply to your email asking for permission to update the front page, but it bounced. I say go ahead.<br />
<br />
Also, would you be interested in helping to approve new members? I notice you've been pretty active lately and I could use some help. --[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 10:01, 8 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:I am not sure how long I can keep up my edit rate but I keep finding stuff to do. :) Not sure why my email address is bouncing emails - I'll look into it. I am willing and able to help with new user registration. Did you get me email from a while back that thumbnails are not being generated on the wiki? (the gremlins might have eaten that too) --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 10:08, 8 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
==Mental note to self: How many times was John beheaded?==<br />
<br />
I was confused by this: <br />
<br />
''Mark 6:14 And king Herod heard of him; (for his name was spread abroad:) and he said, That John the Baptist was risen from the dead, and therefore mighty works do shew forth themselves in him.''<br />
<br />
''Mark 6:16 But when Herod heard thereof, he said, It is John, whom I beheaded: he is risen from the dead.''<br />
<br />
''Mark 6:25 And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist.''<br />
<br />
''Mark 6:27 And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison,''<br />
<br />
How many times was John beheaded? Apparently Mark 6:17 onwards is a flashback: [http://bibleq.net/answer/2660/]<br />
<br />
== New pages ==<br />
<br />
Tim,<br />
<br />
I tried to email you at both the addresses I have for you, but they both bounced. I hope you see this. Let me toss off a few words about what's on my mind right now regarding your new edits.<br />
<br />
I'm worried because any time we have one person doing the bulk of the new editing on the wiki, there's not much other oversight about whether the content is really suitable or not. Generally speaking I try to be extremely conservative with creating new articles. In the last few weeks I noticed you were creating many dozens of new articles with new categories, and I'm not sure if they are necessary articles or bloat.<br />
<br />
I hate to throttle you on this since I'm not actively visiting Iron Chariots on a regular basis, but Matt and I envisioned this as a repository dealing with common apologetics arguments. To pick a random example among the many articles created recently: [[Not all events necessarily have causes]]<br />
<br />
"Not all events necessarily have causes" is not a term people will be searching for. It is not the name of a common theistic or atheistic argument that stands alone, nor is it a formal fallacy. At best it seems like it would work as a subsection of the "first cause argument" page, which DOES reference a common argument with a name. But even then, the article I'm reading seems to be a lengthy conversational piece about the topic, not a succinct set of responses to frequently used apologetics.<br />
<br />
Iron Chariots is not a blog or a magazine. It's a reference resource. You see what I mean?<br />
<br />
--[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 13:02, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:Sorry about the email weirdness. Wiki discussion is fine. Most of my page creations are either apologetics arguments or renaming of existing pages. I don't remember creating many categories... 2 or 3 about two or three, certainly not dozens. I'd say about 10 or 12 have been created about philosophical concepts or books, which are separate from any specific argument.<br />
<br />
:The title "Not all events necessarily have causes" was my attempt at being user friendly. Perhaps philosophical terminology of concepts would be better, in this case it would be "brute contingencies" or "contingent brute facts". <br />
<br />
:I agree that apologetic arguments and counter-arguments have primacy. However, this concept occurs in all(?) variants of the cosmological argument and is probably ''the'' biggest counter argument. I think there are about 4 cosmological argument pages on the wiki. I wanted to put additional detail somewhere on the wiki but I think putting it within each of the arguments pages would have bloated them with significant duplication of content. Similarly, if we put a full in depth discussion for and against "infinite regress" on every page separately, it will be horribly duplicated since it is such a common concept.<br />
<br />
:I guess we should ask ourselves, how much detail is necessary for the concepts we discuss? Should the detail of concepts go on the main article page or on supporting pages? Perhaps "Not all events necessarily have causes" should be merged into "principle of sufficient reason"? Should all the cosmological arguments be merged? Perhaps work needs to focus on the common arguments and when that is done, review. It seems to me a discussion of key concepts such as infinite regress & principle of sufficient reason is more important than rehashing logical fallacies where are already well documented elsewhere. A push in the right direction would be appreciated! --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 13:45, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
::Sorry, it looks like Kyle Youmans is the one creating all the categories, not you. I'm trying to bring in a few more people on this discussion so we can brainstorm about managing a consistent content style. --[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 13:57, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:: If I might weigh in: it seems to me that readers will most likely read the page they came for, but probably won't look at related pages unless there's a good reason to do so (such as a "Main article at..." link). So as a rule of thumb, it's best to keep information on existing pages, rather than create new ones. It's also easier to split a section off into its own article, than it is to combine multiple articles into one. --[[User:Arensb|Arensb]] 15:18, 25 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
::: I think I understand but unsure if I am correctly interpreting your point. I think you are suggesting that new content should generally be added to each argument page. You mention that articles may need to be split into separate articles, but I am not sure what circumstances this would occur - presumably when it gets too long? If so, I agree. The main argument article should be comprehensive but perhaps some of the more obscure details can be put it related pages that are linked, preferably using the "main article" template. I think the [http://wiki.ironchariots.org/index.php?title=Cosmological_argument&oldid=26515 cosmological argument] is good in this regard. What do you think? <br />
<br />
:::I suggest we move the discussion to [[Project talk:Layout and styleguide]]. Watching that page might be a good idea too. --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 04:00, 28 April 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Rbutr ==<br />
<br />
Have you heard of a program called [[Rbutr]]? It was created to counter false information on the internet so I think that it would be a great tool to use to show people the arguments presented on this wiki. [[User:Kyle Youmans|Kyle Youmans]] 18:30, 6 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
:I had not heard of it previously. It's an interesting concept and it might be a useful research tool. I am glad they use [http://blog.rbutr.com/2013/12/why-does-rbutr-need-to-access-all-my-data-on-all-websites/ hashes] to see where I browse rather than totally violating privacy. --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 12:34, 8 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Ironchariots Awareness ==<br />
<br />
How can I get more people to find this website?<br />
[[User:Kyle Youmans|Kyle Youmans]] 19:17, 29 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:That is a complicated question! I am not sure I have much insight here. :) The two main areas might be what we can do directly to the wiki and also what resources are available outside the wiki. Improving the wiki to make it more useful and findable on search engines is the easier one. We probably could do with improving the [[:Special:PopularPages|popular pages]], improving navigation, content and images. We might do better in adding articles that are really of interest to people who are grappling with these issues and underpin the classic arguments (e.g. [[What would it take to change your mind?]]) and avoid duplicating excelling content of other websites. People's mights are chanced by highlighting and questioning their assumptions.<br />
<br />
:What we can do outside the wiki: encourage links to the wiki (by making the wiki useful and persuasion). There is the similar wiki [[RationalWiki]] which is broader in coverage and seem popular but they have page counts turned off. If we have in depth content, we might get a link to the article. Some generic tips: [http://www.wikihow.com/Increase-Website-Traffic]. Perhaps we could get a selection in publishable ebook/paper format? Any thoughts yourself? --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 12:51, 30 May 2014 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Criticism required (demanded!) ==<br />
Hi Tim,<br />
<br />
I don't see any other active members on the Wiki and wondered if you could help me improve on [[Sikhism|the page]] I'm working on? Sometimes I am blind to mistakes I make and I don't always have the sense of putting things in the right order. I need someone to criticise or find flaws on the page or arguments/rebuttals made.<br />
<br />
~Dally <small>—The preceding [[Project:Sign your comments|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Dally|Dally]] ([[User talk:Dally|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dally|contribs]]){{if|test=20:30, 7 February 2015|then=, 20:30, 7 February 2015|else=.}}</small><br />
<br />
:Will do! I'll make changes and use the talk page for the [[Sikhism]] article.--[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 04:42, 8 February 2015 (CST)<br />
<br />
== I have a question for you ==<br />
<br />
Hi, how many people are editing or active on this wiki?</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page&diff=33227Talk:Main Page2015-07-11T21:38:08Z<p>Jack: /* I need your attention */ new section</p>
<hr />
<div>== Feature Request: Footnotes==<br />
<br />
Why isn't it possible to include footnotes in the wiki? They're in heavy use in Wikipedia-style writing, and I'm missing them. Would the IC Wiki include this option in the future?<br />
<br />
: - Yair (Feb 15 2011)<br />
<br />
==Introduction Content==<br />
<br />
Matt, I like the new information about what "Iron Chariots" means, but I respectfully suggest that it should be displaced to [[Iron Chariots:Introduction]]. My thinking is that the front page should be relatively clean, and new readers should not be required to look at a whole bunch of explanatory text unless they they want to.<br />
<br />
I'll wait for your approval or objection before I take this step, or you can do it yourself.<br />
<br />
[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 15:38, 20 June 2006 (MST)<br />
<br />
:I was thinking about this earlier and I'm definitely in agreement. You can move all of this to the "about" page (or info, or whatever).<br />
<br />
:What I would like to do, is modify the main page so that it remains clean - but is more consistent with other wiki sites (like wikipedia). A quick welcome, some highlighted information and places to start.<br />
<br />
: - Matt<br />
<br />
==Wiki meta-stuff==<br />
<br />
I'm removing this meta-information from the main page:<br />
<br />
"Getting started"<br />
<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]<br />
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]<br />
* [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]<br />
<br />
[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 05:29, 15 June 2006 (MST)<br />
<br />
==Main page: Logo and Design==<br />
<br />
I will submit a draft of a large logo suitable for display on the front page soon, I am gathering source material for it. I was wondering if anyone could send me a large (1000px +) version of the current iron chariots graphic, just for reference. Thanks.<br />
<br />
[[User:FredContreras|FredContreras]]<br />
: I don't have an image that size. The original image is a small photograph of a statue which I modified (a little) in Photoshop. It was always meant to be a placeholder until I (or someone else) got around to making real logos for the site. It isn't essential to the design. In fact, I'm pretty open to suggestions on logos and even (minor) color scheme changes. I've got the original image on my machine at work, but I'm pretty sure that [http://www.sculpturegallery.com/sculpture/roman_chariot.html this page] has the original image. [[User:Sans Deity|Sans Deity]] 21:32, 25 August 2006 (MST)<br />
<br />
::Thank you, that's perfect! All I needed was something good to base a logo on.[[User:FredContreras|FredContreras]]<br />
<br />
===Logo Draft 1===<br />
[[image:ironchariotslogo.png|frame|Iron Chariots Logo]]<br />
Ok, here is a very prelim version based on the image you supplied. <br />
Let me know if this is ok. I'll keep working on it and post revisions as I create them.<br />
<br />
I wonder maybe I should create some tagline graphics too, that you can mix and match with the logo?<br />
[[User:FredContreras|FredContreras]]<br />
:I think you're off to a great start...I'm looking forward to seeing more. [[User:Sans Deity|Sans Deity]] 12:18, 27 August 2006 (MST)<br />
<br />
::Yeah, looks good... quick request, can you get the reins back in there? It looks weird for the charioteer to have his arms out and not obviously controlling the horses.<br />
<br />
:: Since we're doing a customized image, I wonder if some sort of subtle religious symbolism might be work somewhere in there? I'm not sure what I'm thinking of... a Bible being trampled was what came to mind, but I think that is more aggressive than it should be. --[[User:Kazim|Kazim]] 06:51, 28 August 2006 (MST)<br />
<br />
== Featured articles and category ==<br />
<br />
Should the main page be in a category? If so, which one?<br />
<br />
Secondly, the "Featured articles" section doesn't seem to have been updated in a while. If no one's interested in actively maintaining it, perhaps it should be removed. It can always be added back later, perhaps as a sidebar. --[[User:Arensb|Arensb]] 11:48, 16 December 2007 (CST)<br />
<br />
== The Lord could not defeat Iron Chariots ==<br />
<br />
I spelt it out for reader who speak English as a second language etc. The meaning of the Bible quote is now clearer. [[User:Proxima Centauri|Proxima Centauri]] 12:02, 29 June 2008 (CDT)<br />
: I've reverted your edit because I think it's important to keep the quote "clean" for the Main Page. I have, however, linked the words "[[chariots of iron]]" to our article on this passage, so you can add any explanatory remarks there, if you'd like. - [[User:Dcljr|dcljr]] 04:35, 5 July 2008 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Time ==<br />
<br />
Your [[Special:Recentchanges|recent changes]] clock is running behind, my edits are shown occurring on June 20 but today is July 2. This indicates that it's behind by 12 days. --[[User:Elassint|Elassint]] 19:40, 2 July 2008 (CDT)<br />
: Well, your comment here seems to have been dated correctly. I haven't noticed any problems with the system clock since it was reading MST a while back. I've checked [[Special:Recentchanges]] quite a few times over the last few days and haven't noticed anything strange. Maybe it was just a momentary glich? If you're still seeing weird edit times (as a test, you can create your user page &lt;g>), check the "Date and Time" settings in [[Special:Preferences|your Preferences]]. - [[User:Dcljr|dcljr]] 04:37, 5 July 2008 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:: I've noticed the same problem, the "Recent Changes" page shows the latest edits occurring as of 9 Nov - today is 24 Nov. It's been like this as long as I've been using this wiki. I've ignored it until now... [[User:Rivalarrival|Rivalarrival]] 23:08, 23 November 2008 (CST) (Ok, so I've got the wrong timezone too... :-) ) <br />
<br />
After setting date/time settings in the preferences page, the recent changes dates seem correct. Really weird... I undid my changes, and it went back to the 9th. I tested it a couple more times - if I remove the time offset, the dates in recent changes are screwed up. If I replace it with anything, including "00:00", the dates are correct. It's like the default "offset" is approximately -336 hours. [[User:Rivalarrival|Rival]] 23:21, 23 November 2008 (CST)<br />
<br />
Important: This problem seems to affect anyone who is not logged in! Makes it look like this wiki is stagnant, with no updates in the past ~2 weeks! [[User:Rivalarrival|Rival]] 12:05, 24 November 2008 (CST)<br />
<br />
Im logged in and the time still shows off for me. Its always shown a couple of weeks behind since I started editing things on the wiki. The reason the time on the commends shows right is that its manually added. I would suspect that its something on the host server, though I would suspect that the forum would have the same problem and it does not. Not sure though if I had access I might be able to find out. Somewhere its reading the date wrong. [[User:gizmoiscariot|Gizmo]] 13:45, 24 November 2008 (PST)<br />
<br />
== [[Talk:You can't prove God doesn't exist]] ==<br />
<br />
Everyone please move to the link above to discuss the non-existence of reality and the non-existence of God at '''Counter-counter-argument'''.<br />
<br />
== [[St. Augustine]] ==<br />
<br />
Hello, user [[User:Rivalarrival]] is making changes to the page about augustine that are death wrong. Because he was born to a Christian mother. I believe he might be doing this because he is feeling slighted by my metaphysical arguments about the nature of reality. Pleaselook into this, thank you. --[[User:Thomas|Thomas]]<br />
<br />
:In my defense, I plead simple ignorance as to the difference between paganism and manichaeism, the root of the issue. Apparently, confusing a religion with multiple deities to another religion with multiple deities is "death wrong", and I apologize for any confusion I might have caused. At the time I made the change, (and even now) [[User:Thomas]]'s edits appeared to be apologist nonsense - His edits to [[You can't prove God doesn't exist]] (and subsequent discussion on the talk page) was nothing more than a diatribe about his assumptions as to the nature of god. The [[Orthodox Christianity]] article appeared intended to support Catholicism as a more valid alternative. In the [[St. Augustine]] article (and subsequent edit war) Thomas seemed intent on presenting the youthful Augustine as a Catholic, despite his intensive study of non-christian worldviews. [[User:Rivalarrival|Rival]] 00:48, 1 December 2008 (CST)<br />
::I Wish you where this courtious on my talk page. Because i have to embarise you in public. I am not biased to Catholicism because i am an Orthodox Christian myself. Orthodox Christianity does not have a scholastic tradition, because scholasticism has it's origine in Western-Europe, in fact in Italy of the eleventh century and is based on the teachings of Aristoteles. This is very basic philosophical history which i hope you will take time to study. Augustine was in fact raised as a Christian from early childhood, for example he was enlisted into the [[catechumens]]. Augustine was a bad Christian in his early life but a Christian none the less and when he turned to Manichaenism, to the regret of his mother; he did not change from a pagan into a Manichaein but from an Christian into a Manichaen. --[[User:Thomas|Thomas]]<br />
:::Another good point is to say that i was raised a Marxist but turned to Orthodoxy at the age of nineteen. I was a Marxist when i was twelve but not a very good Marxist, but a Marxist none the less. --[[User:Thomas|Thomas]]<br />
<br />
== Longevity ==<br />
<br />
Will this wiki be deactivated or expired some time in the future? Will my contributions go to waste?<br />
<br />
:Even if Matt decides he doesn't want to support the site anymore, I'm sure there's a dozen people who'd immediately volunteer to pick up the slack, myself included - JT<br />
:My question would be, actually, whether the database/files are backed up regularly. If not, writing a cron-job script to archive the db/files, maybe once a day, and maintain a backlog of a month or so, would be fairly straight forward.<br />
<br />
==Date==<br />
<br />
I see there is a comment about dates/times above - apparently in 2008. But I see the same two-week gap on "recent changes" now. The date stamp on comments is OK though. Is this an on-going problem?--[[User:Bob M|Bob M]] 15:52, 30 April 2010 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== Quote mark end. ==<br />
<br />
"And the LORD was with Judah; and he drave out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron - Judges 1:19 Bible-icon.png"<br />
<br />
Should be:<br />
<br />
"And the LORD was with Judah; and he drave out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron" - Judges 1:19 Bible-icon.png<br />
<br />
The Judges 1:19 is not part of the quote but the source. It shouldn't be in the quoted section.<br />
<br />
: I think I agree. If anyone wants to do this, the page to edit is [[Template:Main Page quote2]]. I'd suggest using [[Template:Quote-source]] instead of [[Template:Quote]]. --[[User:Arensb|Arensb]] 21:46, 17 September 2013 (CDT)<br />
<br />
:: Done. If anyone complains, they can revert me. --[[User:Arensb|Arensb]] 17:20, 18 September 2013 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== I need your attention ==<br />
<br />
Hi, how many people are on this wiki?</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33226Talk:Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T21:35:32Z<p>Jack: /* I need your help */ new section</p>
<hr />
<div>Thanks [[:User:Jack|Jack]] for your recent work on this article. I suggest that you focus on their distinctive beliefs, how their denomination grew out of other churches, and social issues surrounding the church. The best thing is to try to identify apologetics in this denomination that has been overlooked. Lists and trivia are not particularly informative in the context of this wiki - I doubt we can possibly complete articles for all those churches. Let me know if you have any questions! --[[User:Tim Sheerman-Chase|Tim Sheerman-Chase]] 04:22, 11 July 2015 (CDT)<br />
<br />
== I need your help ==<br />
<br />
Hey, who would like to help me finish the article about Eastern Catholic Churches and related articles?</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33213Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T18:55:54Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches, or Uniate Churches as some Orthodox Christians call them, are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. These churches have their own theology, liturgy, culture, and calendar while sharing the same beliefs, moral code, and biblical with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Maronite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Distinction from the Roman Catholic Church==<br />
<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are distinct from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in terms of their culture, liturgy, and calendar. The Byzantine Rite churches are known to resemble the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] since many of them have derived from this sect. This includes the liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, the liturgical calendar, icons and the veneration of them, architecture, and even the Eucharist, which is cubes of leavened bread drenched in wine mingled with water. The [[Armenian Catholic Church]] is a lot like its Orthodox Counterpart except for different vestments, some changes in the liturgy, and the beliefs and code the church shares with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. The Alexandrian Rite Churches are quite Latinized versions of their Orthodox counterparts, especially for the Ethiopian Catholic Church and the Coptic Catholic parishes in the United States of America. The West-Syriac Rite Churches are distinct from each other: the [[Maronite Catholic Church]] has a heavily Latinized liturgy and is filled with Lebanese culture, the [[Syriac Catholic Church]] has a liturgy based on the St. James Liturgy and is full of Middle-Eastern culture, and the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] has a similar liturgy to the previous one and is filled with Indian culture and a unique calendar. The East-Syriac Rite Churches use the Liturgy of Addai and Mari, and consist of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] and the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]. The only differences are their cultures, calendars, and some rituals. It should be noted as before that they do not count as different denominations or sects but part of [[Catholicism]] or the Catholic Church.<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity, as some Catholics like to argue. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy. <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
<br />
Some Eastern Orthodox Christians see the Eastern Catholic Churches as schismatic ones, or those that split from the "True Church".<ref>http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/uniate_tragedy.aspx</ref><br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
<br />
*[[Roman Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Catholicism]]<br />
*[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]<br />
*[[Orthodox Christianity]]<br />
*[[Assyrian Church of the East]]<br />
*[[Church of the East]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33212Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T18:39:44Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. These churches have their own theology, liturgy, culture, and calendar while sharing the same beliefs, moral code, and biblical with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Maronite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Distinction from the Roman Catholic Church==<br />
<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are distinct from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in terms of their culture, liturgy, and calendar. The Byzantine Rite churches are known to resemble the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] since many of them have derived from this sect. This includes the liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, the liturgical calendar, icons and the veneration of them, architecture, and even the Eucharist, which is cubes of leavened bread drenched in wine mingled with water. The [[Armenian Catholic Church]] is a lot like its Orthodox Counterpart except for different vestments, some changes in the liturgy, and the beliefs and code the church shares with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. The Alexandrian Rite Churches are quite Latinized versions of their Orthodox counterparts, especially for the Ethiopian Catholic Church and the Coptic Catholic parishes in the United States of America. The West-Syriac Rite Churches are distinct from each other: the [[Maronite Catholic Church]] has a heavily Latinized liturgy and is filled with Lebanese culture, the [[Syriac Catholic Church]] has a liturgy based on the St. James Liturgy and is full of Middle-Eastern culture, and the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] has a similar liturgy to the previous one and is filled with Indian culture and a unique calendar. The East-Syriac Rite Churches use the Liturgy of Addai and Mari, and consist of the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] and the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]. The only differences are their cultures, calendars, and some rituals. It should be noted as before that they do not count as different denominations or sects but part of [[Catholicism]] or the Catholic Church.<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity, as some Catholics like to argue. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy. <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
<br />
*[[Roman Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Catholicism]]<br />
*[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]<br />
*[[Orthodox Christianity]]<br />
*[[Assyrian Church of the East]]<br />
*[[Church of the East]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33211Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T15:37:47Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. These churches have their own theology, liturgy, culture, and calendar while sharing the same beliefs, moral code, and biblical with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Maronite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity, as some Catholics like to argue. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy. <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
<br />
*[[Roman Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Catholicism]]<br />
*[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]<br />
*[[Orthodox Christianity]]<br />
*[[Assyrian Church of the East]]<br />
*[[Church of the East]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33210Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T15:35:03Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Maronite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity, as some Catholics like to argue. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy. <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
<br />
*[[Roman Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Catholicism]]<br />
*[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]<br />
*[[Orthodox Christianity]]<br />
*[[Assyrian Church of the East]]<br />
*[[Church of the East]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33209Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T15:32:09Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity, as some Catholics like to argue. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy. <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
<br />
*[[Roman Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Catholicism]]<br />
*[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br />
*[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]<br />
*[[Orthodox Christianity]]<br />
*[[Assyrian Church of the East]]<br />
*[[Church of the East]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33207Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T15:31:30Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity, as some Catholics like to argue. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy. <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
<br />
[[Roman Catholic Church]]<br />
[[Catholicism]]<br />
[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br />
[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]<br />
[[Orthodox Christianity]]<br />
[[Assyrian Church of the East]]<br />
[[Church of the East]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33206Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T15:27:56Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity, as some Catholics like to argue. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33205Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T15:27:13Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33204Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T15:26:31Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter-Apologetics==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref><br />
<br />
Just because many of these churches came from schismatic churches or sects of Christianity does not mean the Catholic Church is the one true church or the original sect of Christianity. <br />
<br />
Syro-Malabar Christians are disagreeing about certain aspects of their own liturgy <ref>http://unavoce.org/uva-archive/syro-malabar-rite</ref><br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Jainism&diff=33155Jainism2015-07-11T03:59:46Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
'''Jainism''' is a non-theistic [[religion]] practiced in India. It teaches non-violence towards all living beings. It also emphasizes equality between all forms of life. The name "Jain" derived from the word "Jinas" or "warriors", although the conflict in this case is attempting to conquer one's self. Jainism shares some demi-gods with [[Hinduism]]. The main Jain scriptures are the Kalpasutra, Agamas, and the Tattvartha Sutra.<br />
<br />
Some of the core beliefs of Jainism include: <ref>[http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/2011/07/03/the-problems-with-jainism/]</ref><ref name="faq2">[http://yja.org/faq-2/]</ref><br />
<br />
* Non-violence ([[Ahimsa]])<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
* [[Reincarnation]]<br />
* Anti-materialism and detachment from possessions ([[Aparigraha]])<br />
* Striving to achieve [[Nirvana]]<br />
* Long periods of [[fasting]]<br />
* Semi-vegitarian diet, but no root vegetables<br />
* Alcohol is forbidden (although this rule is often ignored)<br />
* Cosmological cycle of happy and unhappy epochs<br />
* Against [[abortion]] <ref name="faq">[http://www.jainstudy.org/jsc7.05-AtoFAQs.htm]</ref><br />
* Against [[suicide]] <ref name="faq"/><br />
* Infinite time<br />
* No stealing ([[Astaya]])<br />
* Only speak the truth ([[Satya]])<br />
* Celibacy is encouraged ([[Bhramacharya]])<br />
* Eating at night is discouraged (to avoid harming nocturnal insects)<br />
* Liberation of the soul ([[Moksha]])<br />
<br />
==Criticism and Counter Apologetics==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/jainism/ Jainism at a glance on BBC Religion & Ethics]<br />
*[http://www.jainworld.com/ Jainworld- Jainism global resource center]<br />
*[http://www.jainpedia.org/ Jainpedia]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Eastern religions]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33154Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:58:26Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33153Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:56:08Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity|*]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Roman_Catholicism&diff=33152Roman Catholicism2015-07-11T03:53:48Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{wikipedia}}<br />
'''Roman Catholicism''' is part of the [[Catholic Church]] that follows the western rites or traditions. Together with the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]], it forms one of the three major branches of [[Christianity]], along with [[Protestantism]] and [[Orthodox Christianity]]. The Catholic Church is the largest denomination in Christianity. Its head is the [[Pope]]. The church has a long history and its position has evolved on many issues over the centuries.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
Christianity grew out the churches established by missionaries, such as [[Paul the Apostle|Paul]], in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. During this time, much of the Mediterranean region was under Roman control. The Roman empire split into a Western and Byzantine empires in 395 CE. This political separation allowed Christianity to develop along separate lines, with different traditions and [[liturgy]]. The Western empire collapsed in 476 CE although the papacy continued in Rome. The relationship between the western Latin and eastern Greek churches gradually declined, particularly when the Franks gained sufficient influence with the papacy to cause their king to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE. This action was taken as a snub to the Eastern emperor and the Byzantine empire. Political and theological differences finally resulted in the [[East–West Schism|East-West]] or Great Schism which separated the empires and churches in 1054 CE. The Western church, lead by the [[Pope]] in Rome, became the Catholic Church, generally located in western Europe. The Eastern church became known as the [[Orthodox Church]] and was generally located in the Eastern Mediterranean. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Christianity Branches.png|600px]]<br />
<br />
The official sacred text is the Latin [[Vulgate]] translation of the [[Bible]]. The church maintains lists of approved translations, which usually differ from [[Protestant]] versions. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Bible was only available in the Latin Vulgate translation in the Western church. <ref>[http://www.gla.ac.uk/services/specialcollections/virtualexhibitions/divinewritethekingjamesbibleandscotland/thelongreignofthelatinbible/]</ref> However, most lay Christians were illiterate or could not read Latin. In 1199, the Catholic Church banned any further unauthorised translations of the Bible.<br />
<br />
{{quote|[...] the Catholic Church resisted the idea of bible translations, not only into modern languages currently, but even when the Latin Vulgate was written about 1000 years earlier. Catholics wanted their interpretation to be the only interpretation. It wasn't a conspiracy, just a firm belief that their interpretation was the right one. <ref>Darren Roberts, ''Where Did We Get A Bible?'', 2012</ref>}}<br />
<br />
The papacy has been based in the Vatican during the early church and on a continual basis since 1378. The Vatican is now a small independent state within Rome. For this reason, the senior leadership of the Catholic Church is sometimes referred to as "the Vatican" or simply "Rome".<br />
<br />
In 1517, [[Martin Luther]] sent his [[Ninety-Five Theses]] to several bishops. In it, he criticised Catholic theology and practices, including the sale of [[indulgence]]s. He also emphasised personal Bible reading and translations into local languages. This eventually caused a [[schism]] in the church and lead to the [[protestant]] movement.<br />
<br />
The English king Henry VIII was involved in a [[divorce]] dispute with the Catholic Church. In 1534, the king declared himself the head of the [[Church of England]], causing a schism with Rome and the king to be [[Excommunication|excommunicated]]. The Church of England was later reunited with the Catholic Church in 1555. The Church of England again schismed in 1558 under Elizabeth I.<br />
<br />
In 2013, [[Pope]] Francis was selected by the cardinals lead the church.<br />
<br />
==Social policies==<br />
<br />
The contemporary Catholic Church is characterised by:<br />
<br />
* Opposition to [[contraception]]<br />
* Opposition to [[abortion]]<br />
* Opposition to [[homosexuality|homosexual acts and homosexual marriage]]<br />
* Opposition to [[fornication]] and [[adultery]]<br />
* Remarriage after [[divorce]] is forbidden<br />
* [[Freedom of conscience]]<br />
* [[Freedom of religion]]: people are not forced to believe or stay within Catholicism.<br />
<br />
Many of these policies are also used by some other denominations. Although contraception is officially banned by the church, this teaching is largely ignored in many cultures.<br />
<br />
In a break with the inaction of previous leaders, Francis has spoken on a range of social and environmental issues. Francis criticised the senior leaders of the Catholic church as being narcissistic, hardened, excessively active, uncoordinated, non-spiritual, boastful bureaucrats. <ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/22/pope-francis-scathing-critique-vatican-officials-curia-speech]</ref><br />
<br />
== Dogma and practices ==<br />
<br />
While most Christian [[apologetics]] are common to Catholicism, there are some doctrines, practices and related apologetics that are strongly emphasised or uniquely Catholic:<br />
* [[Apostolic succession]]<br />
* [[Transubstantiation]] and [[Eucharistic miracles]]<br />
* Veneration of [[Mary]] and [[Marian apparitions]]<br />
* Opposition to [[women priests]]<br />
* [[Celibacy]] of priests<br />
* Papal [[infallibility]] (which only applies in some circumstances)<br />
* [[Excommunication]]<br />
* [[Intercession of the saints]]<br />
* Usually a non-[[Biblical literalism|literal]] interpretation of the [[Bible]]<br />
* Catholics believers do not have such an emphasis on interpreting the Bible for themselves. This was probably motivated by the desire to exercise control on how the Bible was interpreted. The Bible is not the final authority (referred to as [[Sola scriptura]]). The church emphasises the role of apostolic tradition or oral teaching, known as [[sacred tradition]], as well as the Bible. <ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=7185]</ref><br />
* Hinted at potential [[salvation]] for non-believers: "those who, without fault, have not yet arrived at an express recognition of God" <ref>[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref>. [[Apostasy|Apostates]] are probably out of luck.<br />
* A [[sin]] is either "moral" or "venal". <ref name="just"/><br />
* Venal sins have a finite "[[temporal punishment]]" inflicted before death or in [[Purgatory]] <ref name="just">[http://www.justforcatholics.org/a166.htm]</ref><br />
* [[Temporal punishment]]s can be remitted by [[indulgence]]s.<br />
<br />
More [[:Category: Catholic doctrine|Catholic doctrine]]<br />
<br />
==Controversies==<br />
<br />
===Crusades===<br />
<br />
The [[Crusades]] were a series of [[war|military]] expeditions sent by various European kingdoms during the Middle Ages. They were directly initiated or sanctioned by the Catholic Church. They aimed to recapture [[Jerusalem]] from [[Islam|Islamic]] states, persecute heretics and Jews, and gain converts by force.<br />
<br />
===Inquisition===<br />
<br />
Initiated in 1250s, the [[Inquisition]] refers to various institutions in the [[Catholic]] church to promote orthodoxy and persecute heretics, potential [[Apostasy|apostates]] and [[Judaism|Jews]]. During the Late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, these institutions were active in many questionable activities including torture to gain forced confessions (although less than other tribunals of the time), execution of thousands of people by burning people alive, confiscation of property, forced exile, imprisonment, anonymous denunciation and censorship. The last execution by the Inquisition was in 1826. <br />
<br />
===Historic opposition to science===<br />
<br />
Historically, the church has opposed scientific discoveries that were considered threatening to its theology. In 1633, the Inquisition tried and condemned [[Galileo Galilei]] over his astronomical observations that supported the heliocentric theory. <br />
<br />
In recent times, the church has become more accepting of science. It reversed its position regarding Galileo in 1992 and has since praised Galileo's discoveries. The current view of the church is that science and faith cannot be in conflict:<br />
<br />
{{quote|methodical research in all branches of knowledge, provided it is carried out in a truly scientific manner and does not override moral laws, can never conflict with the faith, because the things of the world and the things of faith derive from the same God <ref>[http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s1c3a1.htm]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
The Catholic Church generally (and unofficially) accepts both [[evolution]] and [[creationism]] but rejects [[young Earth creationism]]. Some Catholic organisations argue against evolution. Incidentally, [[Gregor Mendel]] was a Catholic friar and the founder of genetics.<br />
<br />
===Historic sale of indulgences===<br />
<br />
[[Indulgence]]s are a remission of [[temporal punishment]] for venal [[sin]]s that have already been confessed. They are granted by the clergy for various works, such building churches visiting shrines, charity or pious conduct. The specific actions that qualify have been revised from time to time. During the Middle Ages, indulgences were available for monetary payment and became extremely popular. They were used to fund large building projects, such as cathedrals, hospitals, schools and to [[Simony|pay for costly appointments]]. Many indulgences were sold that were contrary to official church doctrine; accusations were made against [[Johann Tetzel]] that he told an indulgence for full forgiveness for all ''future'' sins. The sale of indulgences were a means of defrauding credulous believers and gaining immense wealth for the church. Apologists argue that the sale of indulgences was never official church policy. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/quickquestions/does-the-catholic-church-still-sell-indulgences]</ref> However, [[Pope]] Leo X himself gave indulgences for payment. In the contemporary church, payments are no longer an acceptable means of gaining indulgences.<br />
<br />
===Simony===<br />
<br />
Although technically banned, the buying and selling of religious offices became widespread in the 9th and 10th centuries. This is referred to as [[simony]]. The practice reduced after reforms were introduced. These positions were often funded by the sale of [[indulgence]]s or [[relic]]s.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Semitism===<br />
<br />
Christians have persecuted Jews since the early church. Many of first writers within the early Christian organisations that became the Catholic church were explicitly anti-Semitic (e.g. [[St. Augustine]]). It took until 1965 for the Catholic church to declare that contemporary Jews were not to he held responsible for the death of Jesus. <ref>[http://www.southerninstitute.info/holocaust_education/ds1.html]</ref><br />
<br />
===Child sex abuse===<br />
<br />
Since around 2000, the world media has been reporting on widespread [[Child abuse|child sexual abuse]] committed by priests. The abuse mostly occurred between 1950 and 1980. At the time of abuse, the age of the victims was typically between 11 and 14 <ref name="johnjay">[http://archives.weirdload.com/docs/johnjayreport.pdf A Report on the Crisis in the Catholic Church in the United States (John Jay Report)], 2004</ref> but was as low as 3 years old. The [[Catholic church]], being the largest denomination in Christianity, is the church of a significant proportion of abusers. The Catholic church's response to abusive priests was often to cover up the abuse, using a "code of silence" and transferring the priests into new areas where they sometimes continued to abuse children. Information concerning criminal acts was not passed to the police. The U.N. Committee on the Rights of the Child said: <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/06/world/europe/un-panel-assails-vatican-over-sex-abuse-by-priests.html]</ref><br />
<br />
{{quote|[The Vatican] has not acknowledged the extent of the crimes committed, has not taken the necessary measures to address cases of child sexual abuse and to protect children, and has adopted policies and practices which have led to the continuation of the abuse by, and the impunity of, the perpetrators}}<br />
<br />
==Current attitude to atheists and apostasy==<br />
<br />
The Catholic Church regards [[secularism]] as a threat:<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|it is imperative that the entire Catholic community in the United States come to realize the grave threats to the Church’s public moral witness presented by a radical [[secularism]] which finds increasing expression in the political and cultural spheres.|Benedict XVI <ref>Address Of His Holiness Benedict XVI To The Bishops Of The United States Of America On Their "AD Limina" Visit, Thursday, 19 January 2012</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Some Catholic leaders claim that [[atheists are not fully human]]. <ref name="nugent">[http://www.michaelnugent.com/2012/10/04/catholic-church-must-stop-dehumanizing-atheists/]</ref><br />
<br />
{{quote|Man is by nature and vocation a religious being. Coming from God, going toward God, man lives a fully human life only if he freely lives by his bond with God. <ref>[http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s1c1.htm]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
{{quote-source|There is something not totally human if you leave out transcendent [God] and you [atheists] are not fully human. They have an impoverished understanding to what it is to be human. We are all made by God.|Cardinal Cormac Murphy O’Connor <ref name="nugent"/>}}<br />
<br />
===Leaving the church===<br />
<br />
Since the church does not impose any material punishment for leaving the church, the main adverse consequence is the potential disapproval from family and society. The penalty of [[apostasy]] in the Catholic Church is automatic [[excommunication]]. <ref name="canon">Code of Canon Law, Book 4, Part 2, Title 1, 1364 [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P50.HTM]</ref> Excommunication is said to be ''Latae sententiae'' because the sentence is automatically imposed, if the apostasy is a wilful act carried out by an informed person. <ref name="donovan">Colin B. Donovan, "Heresy, Schism and Apostasy" [https://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/heresy_schism_apostasy.htm]</ref> An excommunicated person is forbidden to receive the sacraments (communion, weddings, etc) but is still allowed to attend church events. <ref name="donovan"></ref><br />
<br />
Between 2006 and 2009, act of ''actus formalis defectionis ab Ecclesia catholica'' was a way to inform the church of defection. It is unclear if this is required for an apostasy to be considered "formal", rather than "material". This act required notification of a competent ecclesiastical authority. <ref>Actus Formalis Defectionis Ab Ecclesia Catholica, 13 March 2006</ref> After 2009, changes to canon law abolished this procedure and inquiries to find an replacement have not been answered. <ref>Church Continues to Block Formal Cessation of Membership, 20/07/2011 [http://www.countmeout.ie/update200711.php]</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Christian attitudes to sexuality]]<br />
* [[Moral failure of mainstream religion]]<br />
* [[Advice on deconverting]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html Holy See] (Vatican) website<br />
* [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_INDEX.HTM Catechism of the Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{Religion}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christianity]]<br />
[[Category:Religions]]<br />
[[Category:Catholicism]]</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33151Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:53:34Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/></div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33150Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:53:05Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Church is a group 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/></div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33149Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:49:51Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/></div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33148Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:49:25Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
{{Wikimedia Commons}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/></div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33147Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:47:31Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/></div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33146Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:47:03Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. |Catholic Answers <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/></div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33145Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:45:55Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]<references/><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. |Catholic Answers <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]<references/>}}</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33144Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:45:22Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref><br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. |Catholic Answers <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref>}}</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33143Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:44:49Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the [[Roman Catholic Church]], they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. |[[Orthodox Wiki]] <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. |Catholic Answers <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref>}}</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=33142Eastern Catholic Churches2015-07-11T03:44:08Z<p>Jack: Created page with "{{Wikipedia}} The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the (Roman Catholic Church), they make up..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
The Eastern Catholic Churches are 23 self-governing bodies that are in full communion with the Pope. Together with the ([[Roman Catholic Church]]), they make up the entire Catholic Church. There are five rites that belong to these churches, which include the Byzantine, Armenian, Alexandrian, West Syriac/Antiochian, and East Syriac/Chaldean rites. Since they are in full communion, Roman Catholics may take communion from parishes of these churches. Many of them are Catholic counterparts of the churches from the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and the [[Assyrian Church of the East]]. Exceptions are the [[Marionite Catholic Church]], [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], and the [[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]. |[[Orthodox Wiki]] <ref>[http://orthodoxwiki.org/Eastern_Catholic_Churches]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==List of Churches==<br />
<br />
Byzantine Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Ukrainian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ruthenian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Russian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Italo-Albian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Slovak Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Belorussian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Bulgarian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Romanian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Hungarian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro]]<br />
*[[Albanian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Armenian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Armenian Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
Alexandrian Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Coptic Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Ethiopian Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Eritrean Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
West Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Maronite Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syriac Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
East Syriac Rite<br />
<br />
*[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]<br />
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]<br />
<br />
==Criticism==<br />
<br />
Priests, specifically Byzantine rite ones may marry before they are ordained; however, they may not marry if they are already ordained. |Catholic Answers <ref>[http://www.catholic.com/tracts/celibacy-and-the-priesthood]</ref>}}</div>Jackhttps://religions.wiki/index.php?title=Jainism&diff=33136Jainism2015-07-10T22:09:37Z<p>Jack: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Wikipedia}}<br />
'''Jainism''' is a non-theistic [[religion]] practiced in India. It teaches non-violence towards all living beings. It also emphasizes equality between all forms of life. The name "Jain" derived from the word "Jinas" or "warriors", although the conflict in this case is attempting to conquer one's self. Jainism shares some demi-gods with [[Hinduism]]. The main Jain scriptures are the Kalpasutra, Agamas, and the Tattvartha Sutra.<br />
<br />
Some of the core beliefs of Jainism include: <ref>[http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/2011/07/03/the-problems-with-jainism/]</ref><ref name="faq2">[http://yja.org/faq-2/]</ref><br />
<br />
* Non-violence ([[Ahimsa]])<br />
* [[Karma]]<br />
* [[Reincarnation]]<br />
* Anti-materialism and detachment from possessions ([[Aparigraha]])<br />
* Striving to achieve [[Nirvana]]<br />
* Long periods of [[fasting]]<br />
* Semi-vegitarian diet, but no root vegetables<br />
* Alcohol is forbidden (although this rule is often ignored)<br />
* Cosmological cycle of happy and unhappy epochs<br />
* Against [[abortion]] <ref name="faq">[http://www.jainstudy.org/jsc7.05-AtoFAQs.htm]</ref><br />
* Against [[suicide]] <ref name="faq"/><br />
* Infinite time<br />
* No stealing ([[Astaya]])<br />
* Only speak the truth ([[Satya]])<br />
* Celibacy is encouraged ([[Bhramacharya]])<br />
* Eating at night is discouraged (to avoid harming nocturnal insects)<br />
* Liberation of the soul ([[Moksha]])<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/jainism/ Jainism at a glance on BBC Religion & Ethics]<br />
*[http://www.jainworld.com/ Jainworld- Jainism global resource center]<br />
*[http://www.jainpedia.org/ Jainpedia]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Eastern religions]]</div>Jack