Pledge of Allegiance
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Originally written in 1898 by Francis Bellamy, the United States pledge of allegiance currently reads:
- "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands: one Nation under God, indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all."
Under God[edit]
In 1954, the words "under God" were added to the pledge. This is often referenced by apologists as evidence that America is a Christian nation.
9th Circuit decision in Newdow v. Elk Ridge[edit]
- "To recite the pledge is not to describe the United States; instead it is to swear allegiance to the values for which the flag stands: unity, indivisibility, liberty, justice and -- since 1954 -- monotheism"